本文展示了使用numpy进行数组操作，包括创建数组、指定数据类型以及计算数组的和。同时，文章演示了pandas中Series的创建和操作，如布尔转换、数据合并。在可视化方面，通过matplotlib创建了多个子图，并尝试绘制图形时遇到了错误。最后，错误信息提示未识别的标记风格导致绘图失败。
import numpy as np
a=np.array([1,2,3])
print(a)
[1 2 3]
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3],dtype=np.complex)
print(a)
[1.+0.j 2.+0.j 3.+0.j]
C:\Users\vers\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_2852\1820813101.py:2: DeprecationWarning: `np.complex` is a deprecated alias for the builtin `complex`. To silence this warning, use `complex` by itself. Doing this will not modify any behavior and is safe. If you specifically wanted the numpy scalar type, use `np.complex128` here.
Deprecated in NumPy 1.20; for more details and guidance: https://numpy.org/devdocs/release/1.20.0-notes.html#deprecations
a = np.array([1,2,3],dtype=np.complex)
import numpy as np
x=np.float32(5)
print('x为;',x)
print('x为对象的data属性:',x.data)
print('x为对象的size属性:',x.size)
print('x为对象的维数:',x.ndim)
y=np.bool_(x)
print('转换为bool类型的x为:',y)
z=np.float16(y)
print('True值转换为float16类型为:',z)
x为; 5.0
x为对象的data属性: <memory at 0x00000297718EBA40>
x为对象的size属性: 1
x为对象的维数: 0
转换为bool类型的x为: True
True值转换为float16类型为: 1.0
import numpy as np
arr=np.array([[0,1,2],[3,4,5]])
print(arr)
print(arr.sum(axis=0))
print(arr.sum(axis=1))
[[0 1 2]
[3 4 5]]
[3 5 7]
[ 3 12]
import numpy as np
stus_score = np.array([[45,65],[56,78],[34,67],[35,78],[51,76]])
result=[stus_score>50]
print(result)
[array([[False, True],
[ True, True],
[False, True],
[False, True],
[ True, True]])]
import pandas as pd
s=pd.Series([1,3,5,9,6,8])
print(s)
0 1
1 3
2 5
3 9
4 6
5 8
dtype: int64
import pandas as pd
print('--------列表创建series---------')
s1=pd.Series([1,1,1,1,1])
print(s1)
print('--------字典创建series---------')
s2=pd.Series({'Longitude':39,'Latitude':116,'Temperature':23})
print('First value in s2:',s2['Longitude'])
print('--------用序列作series索引-----')
s3=pd.Series([3.4,0.8,2.1,0.3,1.5],range(5,10))
print('First value in s3:',s3[5])
--------列表创建series---------
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
dtype: int64
--------字典创建series---------
First value in s2: 39
--------用序列作series索引-----
First value in s3: 3.4
s2["city"]="beijing"
s2['Temperature']+=2
s2
Longitude 39
Latitude 116
Temperature 25
city beijing
dtype: object
s3[s3>2]
5 3.4
7 2.1
dtype: float64
stiny = pd.Series({'humidity':84})
s4=s2.append(stiny)
print('------------原Series:-------------\n',s2)
print('------------新Series:-------------\n',s4)
------------原Series:-------------
Longitude 39
Latitude 116
Temperature 25
city beijing
dtype: object
------------新Series:-------------
Longitude 39
Latitude 116
Temperature 25
city beijing
humidity 84
dtype: object
C:\Users\vers\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_2852\741578432.py:2: FutureWarning: The series.append method is deprecated and will be removed from pandas in a future version. Use pandas.concat instead.
s4=s2.append(stiny)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig=plt.figure()
ax1=fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax2=fig.add_subplot(2,2,4)
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fig=plt.figure()
ax1=fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
ax2=fig.add_subplot(2,2,2)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(2,2,3)
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fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,3)
axes
array([[<AxesSubplot:>, <AxesSubplot:>, <AxesSubplot:>],
[<AxesSubplot:>, <AxesSubplot:>, <AxesSubplot:>]], dtype=object)
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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
xp=np.linspace(-10,10,100)
yp=np.sin(xp)
plt.plot(xp,yp,marker="0")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\markers.py in _set_marker(self, marker)
325 try:
--> 326 Path(marker)
327 self._marker_function = self._set_vertices
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\path.py in __init__(self, vertices, codes, _interpolation_steps, closed, readonly)
129 vertices = _to_unmasked_float_array(vertices)
--> 130 _api.check_shape((None, 2), vertices=vertices)
131
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\_api\__init__.py in check_shape(_shape, **kwargs)
163
--> 164 raise ValueError(
165 f"{k!r} must be {len(target_shape)}D "
ValueError: 'vertices' must be 2D with shape (M, 2). Your input has shape ().
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_2852\2286491374.py in <module>
3 xp=np.linspace(-10,10,100)
4 yp=np.sin(xp)
----> 5 plt.plot(xp,yp,marker="0")
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py in plot(scalex, scaley, data, *args, **kwargs)
2767 @_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(Axes.plot)
2768 def plot(*args, scalex=True, scaley=True, data=None, **kwargs):
-> 2769 return gca().plot(
2770 *args, scalex=scalex, scaley=scaley,
2771 **({"data": data} if data is not None else {}), **kwargs)
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_axes.py in plot(self, scalex, scaley, data, *args, **kwargs)
1630 """
1631 kwargs = cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mlines.Line2D)
-> 1632 lines = [*self._get_lines(*args, data=data, **kwargs)]
1633 for line in lines:
1634 self.add_line(line)
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in __call__(self, data, *args, **kwargs)
310 this += args[0],
311 args = args[1:]
--> 312 yield from self._plot_args(this, kwargs)
313
314 def get_next_color(self):
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in _plot_args(self, tup, kwargs, return_kwargs)
536 return list(result)
537 else:
--> 538 return [l[0] for l in result]
539
540
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in <listcomp>(.0)
536 return list(result)
537 else:
--> 538 return [l[0] for l in result]
539
540
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in <genexpr>(.0)
529 labels = [label] * n_datasets
530
--> 531 result = (make_artist(x[:, j % ncx], y[:, j % ncy], kw,
532 {**kwargs, 'label': label})
533 for j, label in enumerate(labels))
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in _makeline(self, x, y, kw, kwargs)
349 default_dict = self._getdefaults(set(), kw)
350 self._setdefaults(default_dict, kw)
--> 351 seg = mlines.Line2D(x, y, **kw)
352 return seg, kw
353
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\lines.py in __init__(self, xdata, ydata, linewidth, linestyle, color, marker, markersize, markeredgewidth, markeredgecolor, markerfacecolor, markerfacecoloralt, fillstyle, antialiased, dash_capstyle, solid_capstyle, dash_joinstyle, solid_joinstyle, pickradius, drawstyle, markevery, **kwargs)
369 self._color = None
370 self.set_color(color)
--> 371 self._marker = MarkerStyle(marker, fillstyle)
372
373 self._markevery = None
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\markers.py in __init__(self, marker, fillstyle)
233 self._marker_function = None
234 self._set_fillstyle(fillstyle)
--> 235 self._set_marker(marker)
236
237 def _recache(self):
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\markers.py in _set_marker(self, marker)
327 self._marker_function = self._set_vertices
328 except ValueError as err:
--> 329 raise ValueError('Unrecognized marker style {!r}'
330 .format(marker)) from err
331
ValueError: Unrecognized marker style '0'
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
a=np.arange(10)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.plot(a,a*1.5,a,a*2.5,a,a*3.5,a,a*4.5)
plt.legend(['1.5x','2.5x','3.5x','4.5x'])
plt.title('simple lines')
plt.show()
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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig,axes=plt.subplots(2,1)
plt.subplot(2,1,1)
x=np.linspace(-10,10,100)
y=np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x,y,marker="0")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\markers.py in _set_marker(self, marker)
325 try:
--> 326 Path(marker)
327 self._marker_function = self._set_vertices
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\path.py in __init__(self, vertices, codes, _interpolation_steps, closed, readonly)
129 vertices = _to_unmasked_float_array(vertices)
--> 130 _api.check_shape((None, 2), vertices=vertices)
131
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\_api\__init__.py in check_shape(_shape, **kwargs)
163
--> 164 raise ValueError(
165 f"{k!r} must be {len(target_shape)}D "
ValueError: 'vertices' must be 2D with shape (M, 2). Your input has shape ().
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
~\AppData\Local\Temp\ipykernel_2852\2820513652.py in <module>
5 x=np.linspace(-10,10,100)
6 y=np.sin(x)
----> 7 plt.plot(x,y,marker="0")
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\pyplot.py in plot(scalex, scaley, data, *args, **kwargs)
2767 @_copy_docstring_and_deprecators(Axes.plot)
2768 def plot(*args, scalex=True, scaley=True, data=None, **kwargs):
-> 2769 return gca().plot(
2770 *args, scalex=scalex, scaley=scaley,
2771 **({"data": data} if data is not None else {}), **kwargs)
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_axes.py in plot(self, scalex, scaley, data, *args, **kwargs)
1630 """
1631 kwargs = cbook.normalize_kwargs(kwargs, mlines.Line2D)
-> 1632 lines = [*self._get_lines(*args, data=data, **kwargs)]
1633 for line in lines:
1634 self.add_line(line)
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in __call__(self, data, *args, **kwargs)
310 this += args[0],
311 args = args[1:]
--> 312 yield from self._plot_args(this, kwargs)
313
314 def get_next_color(self):
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in _plot_args(self, tup, kwargs, return_kwargs)
536 return list(result)
537 else:
--> 538 return [l[0] for l in result]
539
540
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in <listcomp>(.0)
536 return list(result)
537 else:
--> 538 return [l[0] for l in result]
539
540
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in <genexpr>(.0)
529 labels = [label] * n_datasets
530
--> 531 result = (make_artist(x[:, j % ncx], y[:, j % ncy], kw,
532 {**kwargs, 'label': label})
533 for j, label in enumerate(labels))
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\axes\_base.py in _makeline(self, x, y, kw, kwargs)
349 default_dict = self._getdefaults(set(), kw)
350 self._setdefaults(default_dict, kw)
--> 351 seg = mlines.Line2D(x, y, **kw)
352 return seg, kw
353
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\lines.py in __init__(self, xdata, ydata, linewidth, linestyle, color, marker, markersize, markeredgewidth, markeredgecolor, markerfacecolor, markerfacecoloralt, fillstyle, antialiased, dash_capstyle, solid_capstyle, dash_joinstyle, solid_joinstyle, pickradius, drawstyle, markevery, **kwargs)
369 self._color = None
370 self.set_color(color)
--> 371 self._marker = MarkerStyle(marker, fillstyle)
372
373 self._markevery = None
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\markers.py in __init__(self, marker, fillstyle)
233 self._marker_function = None
234 self._set_fillstyle(fillstyle)
--> 235 self._set_marker(marker)
236
237 def _recache(self):
D:\python\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\markers.py in _set_marker(self, marker)
327 self._marker_function = self._set_vertices
328 except ValueError as err:
--> 329 raise ValueError('Unrecognized marker style {!r}'
330 .format(marker)) from err
331
ValueError: Unrecognized marker style '0'
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