FROM:https://blog.csdn.net/linglongqiongge/article/details/50008301 #define DEFINE(sym, val) \ asm volatile("\n->" #sym " %0 " #val : : "i" (val))
这是一个内联汇编宏,不过实际上它不会生成合法的内联汇编代码,它只是利用了内联汇编中嵌入立即数的功能。
2. arch/x86/include/asm/unistd.h
这个文件使用了宏控制,在 x86_64 平台下包含了 arch/x86/include/asm/unistd_64.h ,部分内容如下,
... #ifndef __SYSCALL #define __SYSCALL(a, b) #endif ... #define __NR_read 0 __SYSCALL(__NR_read, sys_read) #define __NR_write 1 __SYSCALL(__NR_write, sys_write) #define __NR_open 2 __SYSCALL(__NR_open, sys_open) #define __NR_close 3 __SYSCALL(__NR_close, sys_close) ...
3. arch/x86/kernel/asm-offsets_64.c
... #include <linux/kbuild.h> ... #define __NO_STUBS 1 #undef __SYSCALL #undef _ASM_X86_UNISTD_64_H #define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) [nr] = 1, static char syscalls[] = { #include <asm/unistd.h> }; ... DEFINE(__NR_syscall_max, sizeof(syscalls) - 1);
syscalls 这个数组的大小刚好就等于所有系统调用项总的值,注意它类型是 char 型数组,而且也请注意 gnu c 数组初始化时的扩展语法。
4. Kbuild
这个文件在根目录下,实际上是一个 Makefile,它的部分内容如下
##### # 2) Generate asm-offsets.h # offsets-file := include/asm/asm-offsets.h always += $(offsets-file) targets += $(offsets-file) targets += arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s # Default sed regexp - multiline due to syntax constraints define sed-y "/^->/{s:->#\(.*\):/* \1 */:; \ s:^->\([^ ]*\) [\$$#]*\([^ ]*\) \(.*\):#define \1 \2 /* \3 */:; \ s:->::; p;}" endef quiet_cmd_offsets = GEN $@ define cmd_offsets (set -e; \ echo "#ifndef __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \ echo "#define __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \ echo "/*"; \ echo " * DO NOT MODIFY."; \ echo " *"; \ echo " * This file was generated by Kbuild"; \ echo " *"; \ echo " */"; \ echo ""; \ sed -ne $(sed-y) $<; \ echo ""; \ echo "#endif" ) > $@ endef # We use internal kbuild rules to avoid the "is up to date" message from make arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s: arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.c \ $(obj)/$(bounds-file) FORCE $(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@) $(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c) $(obj)/$(offsets-file): arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s Kbuild $(call cmd,offsets)
也就是先用 .c 文件生成 .s 文件,然后再用 sed 命令对其中特定的行进行替换,进而重定向到目标文件中,也就是 asm-offset.h。
5. 模拟
有了基于上面过程的分析,我们可以自己对这个过程进行构建。
(1)kbuild.h
#ifndef _KBUILD_H_ #define _KBUILD_H_ #define DEFINE(sym, val) \ asm volatile("\n->" #sym " %0 " #val : : "i" (val)) #endif
(2)unistd.h
#ifndef _UNISTD_H_ #define _UNISTD_H_ #ifndef __SYSCALL #define __SYSCALL(a, b) #endif #define __NR_read 0 __SYSCALL(__NR_read, sys_read) #define __NR_write 1 __SYSCALL(__NR_write, sys_write) #define __NR_open 2 __SYSCALL(__NR_open, sys_open) #define __NR_close 3 __SYSCALL(__NR_close, sys_close) #endif
(3)asm-offsets.c
#include "kbuild.h" #define __NO_STUBS 1 #undef __SYSCALL #undef _UNISTD_H_ #define __SYSCALL(nr, sym) [nr] = 1, static char syscalls[] = { #include "unistd.h" }; int main(void) { DEFINE(__NR_syscall_max, sizeof(syscalls) - 1); return 0; }
注意没有 main 函数会报错的。
(4)Makefile
offsets-file := asm-offsets.h define sed-y "/^->/{s:->#\(.*\):/* \1 */:; \ s:^->\([^ ]*\) [\$$#]*\([^ ]*\) \(.*\):#define \1 \2 /* \3 */:; \ s:->::; p;}" endef define cmd_offsets (set -e; \ echo "#ifndef __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \ echo "#define __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \ echo "/*"; \ echo " * DO NOT MODIFY."; \ echo " *"; \ echo " * This file was generated by Kbuild"; \ echo " *"; \ echo " */"; \ echo ""; \ sed -ne $(sed-y) $<; \ echo ""; \ echo "#endif" ) > $@ endef asm-offsets.s: asm-offsets.c gcc -S $< $(offsets-file): asm-offsets.s @$(cmd_offsets)
只要执行命令
make asm-offsets.h
就可以一生成下面的文件,
#ifndef __ASM_OFFSETS_H__ #define __ASM_OFFSETS_H__ /* * DO NOT MODIFY. * * This file was generated by Kbuild * */ #define __NR_syscall_max 3 /* sizeof(syscalls) - 1 */ #endif
所以在构建之前生成这个头文件,就可以完成对 __NR_syscall_max 的自动赋值,进入如果要增加系统调用选项,只需要在 unistd.h 中添加相应的系统调用号就可以了
附件:
List: linux-kernel Subject: [RFC] Standard way of generating assembler offsets From: Keith Owens <kaos () ocs ! com ! au> Date: 2001-10-04 11:47:08 [Download message RAW] Almost every architecture generates Assembler values to map the offsets of fields in C structures, about the only exception is i386 and that is because its offsets are hard coded into entry.S. Every arch has done it differently, none of them have got it exactly right. As part of kbuild 2.5 I am standardizing on one method for generating Assembler offsets. This change is required for kbuild 2.5 but it can be added to 2.4 without disturbing the current kbuild, I want to do this gradually now instead of a single massive change in kernel 2.5. I will be issuing per architecture changes for generating Assembler offsets against 2.4. The kbuild 2.5 method for generating Assembler offsets satisfies these requirements: * No manual intervention required. Many architectures rely on users running make dep after changing config options that affect the Assembler offsets. If the user forgets to run make dep then the C and Assembler code is out of sync - totally unacceptable. This is completely fixed in kbuild 2.5; I cannot do a complete fix in kbuild 2.4 but it is still better than the existing manual system. * Standard name for the related files. There are 6+ different names for the files used to generate Assembler offsets, kbuild 2.5 uses asm-offsets.[csh] on all architectures. * Allows for multiple parallel compiles from the same source tree. Writing the generated asm-offsets.h to include/asm is not an option, it prevents concurrent compiles. * The method must work in native and cross compile mode and give exactly the same results. Some 2.4 code only works in native mode, some architectures have different methods for native and cross compile with different output formats. Yeuch! * Standard scripts for generating the output. Every arch does it differently in 2.4, standards are good! * Correct dependency trees. Because 2.4 make dep does not scan .S files, there is little or no dependency information. Even if the offsets are regenerated, the affected Assembler code does not always get rebuilt. kbuild 2.5 handles dependencies for Assembler as well as C; I cannot get kbuild 2.4 perfect but I can improve on the existing (or non-existent) 2.4 dependencies. All architectures will define arch/$(ARCH)/asm-offsets.c. This has a standard prologue for the macros that convert offsets to Assembler, followed by arch specific field references. arch/$(ARCH)/asm-offsets.s is generated from arch/$(ARCH)/asm-offsets.c using standard rules, although kbuild 2.4 needs some tweaking. arch/$(ARCH)/asm-offsets.h is generated from arch/$(ARCH)/asm-offsets.s by a semi-standard script. Most of the script is common to all architectures but the precise format of the Assembler output is arch specific. The final result is included in *only* the Assembler programs that need it, as #include "asm-offsets.h" with -I arch/$(ARCH) in the relevant Makefiles. Hard coding relative paths in source files is a pet hate, use #include "localname.h" and -I instead. Including the generated file in C code is not allowed, it severly pollutes the dependency chain, to the extent that any config change can force a complete recompile, unacceptable. Example from i386: arch/i386/asm-offsets.c /* * Generate definitions needed by assembly language modules. * This code generates raw asm output which is post-processed to extract * and format the required data. */ #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/stddef.h> #include <linux/sched.h> /* Use marker if you need to separate the values later */ #define DEFINE(sym, val, marker) \ asm volatile("\n-> " #sym " %0 " #val " " #marker : : "i" (val)) #define BLANK() asm volatile("\n->" : : ) int main(void) { DEFINE(state, offsetof(struct task_struct, state),); DEFINE(flags, offsetof(struct task_struct, flags),); DEFINE(sigpending, offsetof(struct task_struct, sigpending),); DEFINE(addr_limit, offsetof(struct task_struct, addr_limit),); DEFINE(exec_domain, offsetof(struct task_struct, exec_domain),); DEFINE(need_resched, offsetof(struct task_struct, need_resched),); DEFINE(tsk_ptrace, offsetof(struct task_struct, ptrace),); DEFINE(processor, offsetof(struct task_struct, processor),); BLANK(); DEFINE(ENOSYS, ENOSYS,); return 0; } asm-offsets.s to asm-offsets.h. # Convert raw asm offsets into something that can be included as # assembler definitions. It converts # -> symbol $value source # into # symbol = value /* 0xvalue source */ echo '#ifndef __ASM_OFFSETS_H__' echo '#define __ASM_OFFSETS_H__' echo '/*' echo ' * DO NOT MODIFY' echo ' *' echo " * This file was generated by arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile.in." echo ' *' echo ' */' echo '' awk ' /^->$/{printf("\n")} /^-> /{ sym = $2; val = $3; sub(/^\$/, "", val); $1 = ""; $2 = ""; $3 = ""; printf("%-20s = %3d\t/* 0x%x\t%s */\n", sym, val, val, $0) } ' echo '#endif' Generated arch/i386/asm-offsets.h #ifndef __ASM_OFFSETS_H__ #define __ASM_OFFSETS_H__ /* * DO NOT MODIFY * * This file was generated by arch/i386/Makefile.in. * */ state = 0 /* 0x0 offsetof(struct task_struct, state) */ flags = 4 /* 0x4 offsetof(struct task_struct, flags) */ sigpending = 8 /* 0x8 offsetof(struct task_struct, sigpending) */ addr_limit = 12 /* 0xc offsetof(struct task_struct, addr_limit) */ exec_domain = 16 /* 0x10 offsetof(struct task_struct, exec_domain) */ need_resched = 20 /* 0x14 offsetof(struct task_struct, need_resched) */ tsk_ptrace = 24 /* 0x18 offsetof(struct task_struct, ptrace) */ processor = 52 /* 0x34 offsetof(struct task_struct, processor) */ ENOSYS = 38 /* 0x26 ENOSYS */ #endif - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/ [prev in list] [next in list] [prev in thread] [next in thread]