1.函数功能
在绘图区域添加箭头,
2. 函数语法
arrow(x, y, dx, dy, **kwargs)
3. 函数参数与示例
参数 | 含义 |
---|---|
x,y | 箭头出发点的坐标 |
dx,dy | 沿着x轴和y轴方向的箭头长度 |
width | 箭头尾部的粗细,默认为0.001 |
length_includes_head | 布尔值,箭头头部是否计算在长度内;默认值为False,不包含在内 |
head_width | 整个箭头头部的宽度,默认宽度为: 3*width |
head_length | 整个箭头头部的长度,默认长度为: 1.5* head_width |
shape | 度绘制左半部分(left)、右半部分(right)、整个箭头(full);默认绘制整个箭头 |
color | 箭头颜色 |
facecolor | 箭头内部的填充颜色 |
edgecolor | 箭头的边界线颜色 |
alpha | 箭头颜色的透明度 |
linestyle | 箭头边界线风格 |
linewidth | 箭头边界线粗细 |
3.1 设置箭头起始位置与长度、宽度
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25)
plt.show()
3.2 箭头尾部宽度
从下面的代码示例可以看出,箭头的x轴长度和y轴长度是不包含箭头的
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25, width=0.1,
)
plt.scatter(np.pi / 2, 1, marker='o', s=300, facecolor='r')
plt.show()
3.3 箭头头部包含在箭头x轴和y轴长度内
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25, width=0.1,
length_includes_head=True
)
plt.scatter(np.pi / 2, 1, marker='o', s=300, facecolor='r')
plt.show()
3.4 箭头头部设置
本次设置箭头头部宽度等于箭头尾部宽度,均设置为0.1;箭头头部长度设置为箭头头部宽度的3倍;
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25, width=0.1,
length_includes_head=False, head_width=0.1,
head_length=0.3
)
plt.scatter(np.pi / 2, 1, marker='o', s=300, facecolor='r', alpha=0.1)
plt.show()
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25, width=0.1,
length_includes_head=False, head_width=0.3,
head_length=0.3
)
plt.scatter(np.pi / 2, 1, marker='o', s=300, facecolor='r', alpha=0.1)
plt.show()
3.5 箭头的形状
默认绘制完整箭头(full),也可取值(left),(right),效果如下:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25, width=0.1,
length_includes_head=False, head_width=0.3,
head_length=0.3, shape='right'
)
plt.scatter(np.pi / 2, 1, marker='o', s=300, facecolor='r',
alpha=0.1,)
plt.show()
3.6 箭头的颜色
3.6.1 使用color设置箭头颜色
可以直接设置整个箭头的颜色color,此时设置的填充颜色facecolor和边界颜色edgecolor不起作用
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25, width=0.1,
length_includes_head=False, head_width=0.3,
head_length=0.3, shape='full', color='r', alpha=0.4,
facecolor='y', edgecolor='k',
linewidth=2, linestyle=':')
plt.scatter(np.pi / 2, 1, marker='o', s=300, facecolor='r',
alpha=0.1,)
plt.show()
3.6.2 分别设置箭头的填充颜色和边界颜色
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 500)
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, c='m')
plt.xlim(0, 2 * np.pi)
plt.ylim(-1.5, 1.5)
plt.arrow(0, -0.25, np.pi / 2, 1.25, width=0.1,
length_includes_head=False, head_width=0.3,
head_length=0.3, shape='full', alpha=0.4,
facecolor='y', edgecolor='k',
linewidth=2, linestyle='-')
plt.scatter(np.pi / 2, 1, marker='o', s=300, facecolor='r',
alpha=0.1,)
plt.show()