java设计模式 -观察者模式

观察者模式

介绍说明

观察者模式是对象之间多对一依赖的一种设计方案，被依赖的对象成为Subject，依赖的对象为Observer，当Subject发生变化的时候可以通知到Observer。

类图说明

以天气预报为示例类图如下：

1. Weather为核心类，实现了Subject里面的方法
2. Subject有变化的时候，Observer会直接接收到通知

示例说明

/**
 * 订阅接口
 */
public interface Subject {
	
	public void registerObserver(Observer o);
	public void removeObserver(Observer o);
	public void notifyObservers();
}

核心类

public class WeatherData implements Subject {

	private float temperatrue;
	private float pressure;
	private float humidity;

	private ArrayList<Observer> observers;
	


	public WeatherData() {
		observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
	}

	public float getTemperature() {
		return temperatrue;
	}

	public float getPressure() {
		return pressure;
	}

	public float getHumidity() {
		return humidity;
	}

	public void dataChange() {
		notifyObservers();
	}


	public void setData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
		this.temperatrue = temperature;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		this.humidity = humidity;

		dataChange();
	}


	public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		observers.add(o);
	}


	public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(observers.contains(o)) {
			observers.remove(o);
		}
	}


	public void notifyObservers() {

		for(int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
			observers.get(i).update(this.temperatrue, this.pressure, this.humidity);
		}
	}
}

观察者接口

public interface Observer {

	public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity);
}

实体对象类

public class CurrentConditions implements Observer {


	private float temperature;
	private float pressure;
	private float humidity;

	public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		this.humidity = humidity;
		display();
	}


	public void display() {
		System.out.println("***Today mTemperature: " + temperature + "***");
		System.out.println("***Today mPressure: " + pressure + "***");
		System.out.println("***Today mHumidity: " + humidity + "***");
	}
}
public class BaiduSite implements Observer {


	private float temperature;
	private float pressure;
	private float humidity;


	public void update(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
		this.temperature = temperature;
		this.pressure = pressure;
		this.humidity = humidity;
		display();
	}


	public void display() {
		System.out.println("====BaiduSite===");
		System.out.println("BaiduSite: " + temperature + "***");
		System.out.println("BaiduSite: " + pressure + "***");
		System.out.println("BaiduSite: " + humidity + "***");
	}

}

测试实例

public class Test{

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
		
		CurrentConditions currentConditions = new CurrentConditions();
		BaiduSite baiduSite = new BaiduSite();
		
		weatherData.registerObserver(currentConditions);
		weatherData.registerObserver(baiduSite);
		
		System.out.println("当前数据1");
		weatherData.setData(10f, 100f, 30.3f);
		
		weatherData.removeObserver(currentConditions);

		System.out.println("= ======================");
		System.out.println("当前数据2");
		weatherData.setData(10f, 100f, 30.3f);
	}

}

总结

观察者模式是一种比较简单的设计模式，主要解决的是依赖关系是多对一的情况。