iOS单例的完整写法

单例模式在iOS开发中是最为常用的模式之一，在应用这个模式时，单例对象的类必须保证只有一个实例存在。许多时候整个系统只需要拥有一个的全局对象，这样有利于我们协调系统整体的行为。一般情况下，许多人都是按下面的方式写单例模式：

#import "Singleton.h"

@implementation Singleton

static Singleton *shareSingleton = nil;

+ (instancetype)shareSingleton {
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        shareSingleton = [[self alloc] init];
    });
    return shareSingleton;
}

@end

测试一下这种方法可行不：

Singleton *one = [Singleton shareSingleton];
    NSLog(@"one = %@", one);

    Singleton *two = [Singleton shareSingleton];
    NSLog(@"two = %@", two);

    Singleton *three = [[Singleton alloc] init];
    NSLog(@"three = %@", three);

控制台输出内容：
2015-12-22 15:31:38.230 Singleton[2264:1996979] one = <Singleton: 0x7fe598f4d3c0>
2015-12-22 15:31:38.230 Singleton[2264:1996979] two = <Singleton: 0x7fe598f4d3c0>
2015-12-22 15:31:38.231 Singleton[2264:1996979] three = <Singleton: 0x7fe598edc570>

由此可见，只有调用shareSingleton方法获得的对象是相通的，用alloc init来构造对象的时候，得到的确实不一样的结果。究其原因，当使用alloc init创建对象时，在调用alloc方法时，oc内部会调用allocWithZone这个方法来申请内存，为了避免allocWithZone申请新的内存，可以重写allocWithZone方法，在该方法中调用shareSingleton方法返回单例对象。拷贝对象也是同样的道理。

完整代码如下：

#import "Singleton.h"

@implementation Singleton

static Singleton *shareSingleton = nil;

+ (instancetype)shareSingleton {
    static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
    dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
        shareSingleton = [[super allocWithZone:NULL] init];
    });
    return shareSingleton;
}

+ (instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone {
    return [Singleton shareSingleton];
}

- (id)copyWithZone:(struct _NSZone *)zone {
    return [Singleton shareSingleton];
}

@end

测试：

Singleton *one = [Singleton shareSingleton];
    NSLog(@"one = %@", one);

    Singleton *two = [Singleton shareSingleton];
    NSLog(@"two = %@", two);

    Singleton *three = [[Singleton alloc] init];
    NSLog(@"three = %@", three);

    Singleton *four = [[Singleton alloc] init];
    NSLog(@"four = %@", [four copy]);

    Singleton *five = [Singleton new];
    NSLog(@"five = %@", five);

结果：
2015-12-22 17:01:52.350 Singleton[2399:2262945] one = <Singleton: 0x7f9e6be4ae30>
2015-12-22 17:01:52.350 Singleton[2399:2262945] two = <Singleton: 0x7f9e6be4ae30>
2015-12-22 17:01:52.351 Singleton[2399:2262945] three = <Singleton: 0x7f9e6be4ae30>
2015-12-22 17:01:52.351 Singleton[2399:2262945] four = <Singleton: 0x7f9e6be4ae30>
2015-12-22 17:01:52.351 Singleton[2399:2262945] five = <Singleton: 0x7f9e6be4ae30>

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/zyboy/blog/617435