学习keras时对loss函数不同的选择，则model.fit里的outputs可以是one_hot向量，也可以是整形标签

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


print(tf.__version__)

fashion_mnist = keras.datasets.fashion_mnist

(train_images, train_labels), (test_images, test_labels) = fashion_mnist.load_data()
class_names = ['T-shirt/top', 'Trouser', 'Pullover', 'Dress', 'Coat',
               'Sandal', 'Shirt', 'Sneaker', 'Bag', 'Ankle boot']
# plt.figure()
# plt.imshow(train_images[0])
# plt.colorbar()
# plt.grid(False)
# plt.show()


train_images = train_images / 255.0

test_images = test_images / 255.0

# plt.figure(figsize=(10,10))
# for i in range(25):
#     plt.subplot(5,5,i+1)
#     plt.xticks([])
#     plt.yticks([])
#     plt.grid(False)
#     plt.imshow(train_images[i], cmap=plt.cm.binary)
#     plt.xlabel(class_names[train_labels[i]])
# plt.show()

model = keras.Sequential([
    keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28, 28)),
    keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss='categorical_crossentropy',  
              #loss = 'sparse_categorical_crossentropy'  则之后的label不需要变成one_hot向量，直接使用整形标签即可
              metrics=['accuracy'])
one_hot_train_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(train_labels, num_classes=10)

model.fit(train_images, one_hot_train_labels, epochs=10)

one_hot_test_labels = keras.utils.to_categorical(test_labels, num_classes=10)
test_loss, test_acc = model.evaluate(test_images, one_hot_test_labels)

print('\nTest accuracy:', test_acc)

# predictions = model.predict(test_images)
# predictions[0]
# np.argmax(predictions[0])
# test_labels[0]

loss若为loss=‘categorical_crossentropy’, 则fit中的第二个输出必须是一个one_hot类型，
而若loss为loss = ‘sparse_categorical_crossentropy’ 则之后的label不需要变成one_hot向量，直接使用整形标签即可