C#不让主线程UI挂起

编写C#窗体程序中如果遇到大量计算或者网络通信，UI很容易就僵死了，如下面的例子。

//阻塞5秒钟，窗体才有反应
public static int calc_res() {
	Thread.Sleep(5000);
	return 5;
}
private void calc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	int res = calc_res();
	res_lbl.Text = res.ToString();
}

一个简单的解决方案就是使用线程方式运行大量计算，不过需要在计算完毕后Invoke回调主线程重绘控件。

private void calc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	Thread t = new Thread(
		()  =>  {
			int res = calc_res();
			Invoke( new Action(
				() => {
					res_lbl.Text = res.ToString();
				}
			));
		}
	);
	t.Start();
}

线程方式开销较大，还可以考虑用异步回调的方式实现如下。

private void calc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	Func<int> t = calc_res;
	t.BeginInvoke(new AsyncCallback(
		(arg) =>
		{
			AsyncResult res = (AsyncResult)arg;

			Func<int> _t = (Func<int>)res.AsyncDelegate;

			string _s = _t.EndInvoke(arg).ToString();
			this.Invoke(
				new Action(
					() => {
						res_lbl.Text = _s;
					}
				)
			);
		}
	), null);
}

上面的代码看起来比较复杂，可以用delegate使得代码逻辑更清晰，如下所示：

public delegate int cal_dele();
public void update_res(IAsyncResult ar) {
	if (ar.IsCompleted) {
		cal_dele cd = (cal_dele)((AsyncResult)ar).AsyncDelegate;
		res_lbl.Text = cd.EndInvoke(ar).ToString();
	}
}
private void calc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	cal_dele cd = calc_res;
	IAsyncResult ar = cd.BeginInvoke(update_res, null);
	//res_lbl.Text = cd.EndInvoke(ar).ToString(); //放在此处会阻塞
}

还可以利用form窗体的backgroundworker实现异步回调，它的底层实现也是异步方式。

private void calc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	BackgroundWorker worker = new BackgroundWorker();
	worker.DoWork += (sender1, e1) =>
		{
			e1.Result = calc_res();
		};
	worker.RunWorkerCompleted += (sender1, e1) =>
		{
			res_lbl.Text = e1.Result.ToString();
		};
	worker.RunWorkerAsync();
}

使用AsyncResult需要using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging，在更新到VS2000 sp1以后可以安装Async CTP，新增了async和await关键字，实现异步编程很容易。先添加引用AsyncCtpLibarary.dll，代码如下：

public static int calc_res() {
	Thread.Sleep(5000);
	return 5;
}

public Task<int> calc_res_async() {
	return TaskEx.Run<int>(
			() => calc_res()
		);
}
private async void calc_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	int res = await calc_res_async();
	res_lbl.Text = res.ToString();
}

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