23种设计模式完整教程
介绍
命令模式(Command Pattern)是一种数据驱动的设计模式,它属于行为型模式。请求以命令的形式包裹在对象中,并传给调用对象。调用对象寻找可以处理该命令的合适的对象,并把该命令传给相应的对象,该对象执行命令。
优点
1、降低了系统耦合度。
2、新的命令可以很容易添加到系统中去。
缺点
使用命令模式可能会导致某些系统有过多的具体命令类。
使用场景
认为是命令的地方都可以使用命令模式,比如: 1、GUI 中每一个按钮都是一条命令。 2、模拟 CMD。
使用建议
系统需要支持命令的撤销(Undo)操作和恢复(Redo)操作,也可以考虑使用命令模式,见命令模式的扩展。
具体实现
类图:
代码:
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.command_pattern.myself_instance;
public interface Order {
void execute();
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.command_pattern.myself_instance;
public class Stock {
private String name = "ABC";
private int quantity = 10;
public void buy(){
System.out.println("Stock [ Name: "+name+",Quantity: " + quantity +" ] bought");
}
public void sell(){
System.out.println("Stock [ Name: "+name+",Quantity: " + quantity +" ] sold");
}
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.command_pattern.myself_instance;
public class BuyStock implements Order {
private Stock abcStock;
public BuyStock(Stock abcStock){
this.abcStock = abcStock;
}
public void execute() {
abcStock.buy();
}
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.command_pattern.myself_instance;
public class SellStock implements Order {
private Stock abcStock;
public SellStock(Stock abcStock){
this.abcStock = abcStock;
}
public void execute() {
abcStock.sell();
}
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.command_pattern.myself_instance;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Broker {
private List <Order> orderList = new ArrayList <Order>();
public void takeOrder(Order order){
orderList.add(order);
}
public void placeOrders(){
for (Order order : orderList) {
order.execute();
}
orderList.clear();
}
}
package com.knowledge.system.software_design_pattern.command_pattern.myself_instance;
public class CommandPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Stock abcStock = new Stock();
BuyStock buyStockOrder = new BuyStock(abcStock);
SellStock sellStockOrder = new SellStock(abcStock);
Broker broker = new Broker();
broker.takeOrder(buyStockOrder);
broker.takeOrder(sellStockOrder);
broker.placeOrders();
}
}