圆基础

//计算圆上到点 p 最近点：当 p 为圆心时，返回圆心本身
point dot_to_circle(point c,double r,point p){
    point u,v;
    if (distance(p,c)<eps)return p;
    u.x=c.x+r*fabs(c.x-p.x)/distance(c,p);
    u.y=c.y+r*fabs(c.y-p.y)/distance(c,p)*((c.x-p.x)*(c.y-p.y)<0?-1:1);
    v.x=c.x-r*fabs(c.x-p.x)/distance(c,p);
    v.y=c.y-r*fabs(c.y-p.y)/distance(c,p)*((c.x-p.x)*(c.y-p.y)<0?-1:1);
    return distance(u,p)<distance(v,p)?u:v;
}
//计算直线与圆的交点,保证直线与圆有交点：计算线段与圆的交点可用这个函数后判点是否在线段上
void intersection_line_circle(point c,double r,point l1,point l2,point& p1,point& p2){
    point p=c;
    double t;
    p.x+=l1.y-l2.y;
    p.y+=l2.x-l1.x;
    p=intersection(p,c,l1,l2);
    t=sqrt(r*r-distance(p,c)*distance(p,c))/distance(l1,l2);
    p1.x=p.x+(l2.x-l1.x)*t;
    p1.y=p.y+(l2.y-l1.y)*t;
    p2.x=p.x-(l2.x-l1.x)*t;
    p2.y=p.y-(l2.y-l1.y)*t;
}
//计算圆与圆的交点,保证圆与圆有交点,圆心不重合
void intersection_circle_circle(point c1,double r1,point c2,double r2,point& p1,point& p2){
    point u,v;
    double t;
    t=(1+(r1*r1-r2*r2)/distance(c1,c2)/distance(c1,c2))/2;
    u.x=c1.x+(c2.x-c1.x)*t;
    u.y=c1.y+(c2.y-c1.y)*t;
    v.x=u.x+c1.y-c2.y;
    v.y=u.y-c1.x+c2.x;
    intersection_line_circle(c1,r1,u,v,p1,p2);
}