设备驱动(十)

获取时间

1、jiffies

jiffies:从系统启动到当前，时钟中断产生的次数

marco HZ 每秒产生的时钟中断次数，范围100~1000

2、使用do_gettimeofday函数

延时

1、长延迟

以jiffy为单位的延迟叫长延迟(占用CPU)

time_before(jiffies, new_jiffies)

time_after(new_jiffies, jiffies)

2、段延迟

延迟时间小于一个jiffy

udelay  微妙延迟  占用CPU

mdelay 毫秒延迟  占用CPU

msleep 毫秒随眠  不占用CPUb

内核定时器

内核定时器用法

1. struct timer_list my_timer;     //定义定时器
2. void handler(unsigned long data);     //定义执行函数
3. inti_timer(&my_timer);     //初始化定时器
   1. my_timer.function = handler
   2. my_timer.expires = jiffies + HZ;
4. add_timer(&my_timer);     //添加定时器
5. del_timer(&my_timer);      //删除定时器,执行函数中调用
6. 可以执行函数中调用mod_timer，重新计时

参考代码

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/types.h>

#include <linux/fs.h>

#include <linux/errno.h>

#include <linux/mm.h>

#include <linux/sched.h>

#include <linux/slab.h>

#include <linux/init.h>

#include <linux/cdev.h>

#include <asm/io.h>

#include <asm/system.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include <linux/timer.h> /*包括timer.h头文件*/

#define SECOND_MAJOR 250    /*预设的second的主设备号*/

static int second_major = SECOND_MAJOR;

/*second设备结构体*/

struct second_dev

{

     struct cdev cdev; /*cdev结构体*/

     int counter;/* 一共经历了多少秒？*/

     struct timer_list s_timer; /*设备要使用的定时器*/

} second_dev;

/*定时器处理函数*/

static void second_timer_handle(unsigned long arg)

{

     mod_timer(&second_dev.s_timer,jiffies + HZ);

     second_dev.counter++;

     printk(KERN_NOTICE "current jiffies is %ld\n", jiffies);

}

/*文件打开函数*/

int second_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)

{

     /*初始化定时器*/

     init_timer(&second_dev.s_timer);

     second_dev.s_timer.function = second_timer_handle;

     second_dev.s_timer.expires = jiffies + HZ;

     add_timer(&second_dev.s_timer); /*添加（注册）定时器*/

     second_dev.counter = 0; //计数清0

     return 0;

}

/*文件释放函数*/

int second_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)

{

     del_timer(&second_dev.s_timer);

     return 0;

}

/*globalfifo读函数*/

static ssize_t second_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,

          loff_t *ppos)

{ 

     if(put_user(second_dev.counter, (int*)buf))

          return -EFAULT;

     else

          return sizeof(unsigned int); 

}

/*文件操作结构体*/

static const struct file_operations second_fops =

{

     .owner = THIS_MODULE,

     .open = second_open,

     .release = second_release,

     .read = second_read,

};

/*初始化并注册cdev*/

static void second_setup_cdev(struct second_dev *dev, int index)

{

     int err, devno = MKDEV(second_major, index);

     cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &second_fops);

     dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;

     err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);

     if (err)

          printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index);

}

/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/

int second_init(void)

{

     int ret;

     dev_t devno = MKDEV(second_major, 0);

     /* 申请设备号*/

     ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "second");

     if (ret < 0)

          return ret;

     second_setup_cdev(&second_dev, 0);

     return 0;

}

/*模块卸载函数*/

void second_exit(void)

{

     cdev_del(&second_dev.cdev);   /*注销cdev*/

     unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(second_major, 0), 1); /*释放设备号*/

}

module_init(second_init);

module_exit(second_exit);

======================================================================

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

int main()
{
  int fd;
  int counter = 0;
  int old_counter = 0;
 
  /*打开/dev/second设备文件*/
  fd = open("/dev/second", O_RDONLY);
  if (fd < 0)
  {
       perror("fail to open");
       exit(-1);
  }
  while (1)
  {
       read(fd,&counter, sizeof(unsigned int));//读目前经历的秒数
       if(counter != old_counter)
       {    
            printf("seconds after open /dev/second :%d\n",counter);
            old_counter = counter;
       }    
  }   
 
  return 0;
}