概述
通常通过@ModelAttribute实现如下两个功能:
- 绑定请求参数到实体对象
- 注解一个非请求处理方法(控制登录权限)
绑定请求参数到实体对象
示例代码:
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(@ModelAttribute("user") User user, HttpSession session, Model model) {
if (userService.login(user)) {
System.out.println("登录成功");
session.setAttribute("user", user);
// 跳转到/WEB-INF/jsp/下的main.jsp
return "main";
} else {
System.out.println("登录失败");
model.addAttribute("messageError", "用户名或密码错误");
// 登录失败跳转到login.jsp
return "login";
}
}
@ModelAttribute("user") User user代码主要实现了将请求参数封装到user对象中及创建User实例,以“user”为键值存储在Model对象中,和“model.addAttribute("user",user)”语句的功能一样。
注解一个非请求处理方法
被@ModelAttribute注解的方法将在每次调用该控制器类的请求处理方法前被调用。
这种特性可以用来控制登录权限。
例如下:
package springmvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class BaseController {
@ModelAttribute
public void isLogin(HttpSession session) throws Exception {
if (session.getAttribute("user") == null) {
throw new Exception("未登录,请登录");
}
}
}
package springmvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/manage")
public class ManageController extends BaseController {
@RequestMapping("/addUser")
public String addUser(){
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/deleteUser")
public String deleteUser(){
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/updateUser")
public String updateUser(){
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/selectAll")
public String selectAllUser(){
return "success";
}
}
在上述的ManageController类中的addUser、deleteUser等请求处理方法执行之前,首先会执行父类BaseController中的isLogin方法来判断用户是否登录。
未登录状态:
在地址栏输入:http://localhost:8080/manage/addUser
就会报错弹出未登录。
登录状态:
在登录成功后,再次在地址栏输入http://localhost:8080/manage/addUser
其他如deleteUser、updateUser、selectAllUser等方法都是如此。
实例
创建Spring MVC项目并按照下图目录结构创建文件夹及文件:
各文件代码如下:
BaseController.java
package springmvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class BaseController {
@ModelAttribute
public void isLogin(HttpSession session) throws Exception {
// 判断用户是否登录
if (session.getAttribute("user") == null) {
throw new Exception("未登录,请登录");
}
}
}
IndexController.java
package springmvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/index")
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping("/register")
public String register() {
return "register";
}
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login() {
return "login";
}
}
ManageController.java
package springmvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/manage")
public class ManageController extends BaseController {
@RequestMapping("/addUser")
public String addUser() {
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/deleteUser")
public String deleteUser() {
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/updateUser")
public String updateUser() {
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping("/selectAllUser")
public String selectAllUser() {
return "success";
}
}
UserController.java
package springmvcdemo.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import springmvcdemo.pojo.User;
import springmvcdemo.service.UserService;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
// 将服务依赖注入到属性userService
@Autowired
public UserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(@ModelAttribute("user") User user, HttpSession session, Model model) {
if (userService.login(user)) {
System.out.println("登录成功");
session.setAttribute("user", user);
// 跳转到/WEB-INF/jsp/下的main.jsp
return "main";
} else {
System.out.println("登录失败");
model.addAttribute("messageError", "用户名或密码错误");
// 登录失败跳转到login.jsp
return "login";
}
}
@RequestMapping("/register")
public String register(@ModelAttribute("user") User user, Model model) {
if (userService.register(user)) {
System.out.println("注册成功");
// 注册成功,跳转到login.jsp
return "login";
} else {
System.out.println("注册失败");
model.addAttribute("username", user.getUsername());
// 注册失败,跳转到register.jsp
return "register";
}
}
}
User.java
package springmvcdemo.pojo;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
UserService.java
package springmvcdemo.service;
import springmvcdemo.pojo.User;
public interface UserService {
/**
* 用户登录
*
* @param user 用户实体类对象
* @return 返回是否登录成功
*/
boolean login(User user);
/**
* 用户注册
*
* @param user 用户实体类对象
* @return 返回是否注册成功
*/
boolean register(User user);
}
UserServiceImpl.java
package springmvcdemo.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import springmvcdemo.pojo.User;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Override
public boolean login(User user) {
if ("hello".equals(user.getUsername()) && "world".equals(user.getPassword())) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean register(User user) {
if ("hello".equals(user.getUsername()) && "world".equals(user.getPassword())) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--使用扫描机制扫描控制器类,控制器类都在controller包及其子包下-->
<context:component-scan base-package="springmvcdemo.controller"/>
<!--使用扫描机制扫描服务类,服务类都在service包及其子包下-->
<context:component-scan base-package="springmvcdemo.service"/>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<!--配置视图解析器成功后,RegisterController和LoginController控制器类的视图路径仅需提供register和login,视图解析器将会自动添加前缀和后缀-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
login.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/user/login" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
<span style="color:red"><%=request.getAttribute("messageError")%></span>
</form>
</body>
</html>
main.jsp
<%@ page import="springmvcdemo.pojo.User" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>主页</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
User user = (User)session.getAttribute("user");
%>
欢迎<%=user.getUsername()%>,访问本页面!
</body>
</html>
register.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>注册</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/user/register" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>恭喜您,操作成功!</h1>
</body>
</html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--部署DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--加载Spring MVC的配置文件,配置文件可以放在项目目录的任意位置,使用init-param元素加载配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--配置文件的位置-->
<param-value>/WEB-INF/config/springmvc-config/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--表示容器在启动时立即加载servlet-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<!--处理所有URL-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
未注册的用户,请<a href="/index/register">注册</a>!<br>
已注册的用户,去<a href="/index/login">登录</a>!<br>
</body>
</html>
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