apt 一执行就报错

报错情况

root@instance-myaj5rsw:~# apt
apt: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0: no version information available (required by apt)
apt: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0: no version information available (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-private.so.0.0)
apt: relocation error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-private.so.0.0: symbol _ZTIN3APT15PackageUniverseE, version APTPKG_5.0 not defined in file libapt-pkg.so.5.0 with link time reference

root@instance-myaj5rsw:/var/lib/dpkg/info/format-new# sudo apt-get -f upgrade
apt-get: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0: no version information available (required by apt-get)
apt-get: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0: no version information available (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-private.so.0.0)

root@instance-myaj5rsw:~# wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/libapt-pkg5.0_1.7.0_amd64.deb
root@instance-myaj5rsw:~# wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/a/apt/apt_1.7.0_amd64.deb

root@instance-myaj5rsw:~# dpkg -i libapt-pkg5.0_1.7.0_amd64.deb
dpkg: error: unable to create new file '/var/lib/dpkg/info/format-new': No such file or directory

要是找不到目录，去创建info文件夹

然后又报错

(Reading database ... 207 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libapt-pkg5.0_1.7.0_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libapt-pkg5.0:amd64 (1.7.0) over (1.7.0) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libapt-pkg5.0:amd64:
 libapt-pkg5.0:amd64 depends on libc6 (>= 2.27); however:
  Version of libc6:amd64 on system is 2.23-0ubuntu11.
 libapt-pkg5.0:amd64 depends on libzstd1 (>= 1.3.2); however:
  Package libzstd1 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package libapt-pkg5.0:amd64 (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libapt-pkg5.0:amd64

后来去别的服务器上拷贝libapt-pkg.so.5.0过来，然后又出现完整的报错是：

apt: relocation error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0: symbol _ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE7compareERKS4_, version GLIBCXX_3.4.21 not defined in file libstdc++.so.6 with link time reference，如下所示：

root@instance-myaj5rsw:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu# apt
apt: relocation error: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libapt-pkg.so.5.0: symbol _ZNKSt7__cxx1112basic_stringIcSt11char_traitsIcESaIcEE7compareERKS4_, version GLIBCXX_3.4.21 not defined in file libstdc++.so.6 with link time reference

修改方法：

从别的正确的服务器上拷贝libstdc++.so.6文件过来，手动改成软连接即可（要是改完还不行的话，把ll libapt-*下的几个文件都换一下）

root@instance-myaj5rsw:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu#  scp root@IP:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.22 ./
root@instance-myaj5rsw:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu# ln -s libstdc++.so.6.0.22 libstdc++.so.6
root@instance-myaj5rsw:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu# ll libstdc++.*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      19 Jun 27 10:18 libstdc++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.22
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1566168 Jun 27 10:18 libstdc++.so.6.0.22

恢复正常

root@instance-myaj5rsw:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu# apt
apt 1.4.9 (amd64)
Usage: apt [options] command

apt is a commandline package manager and provides commands for
searching and managing as well as querying information about packages.
It provides the same functionality as the specialized APT tools,
like apt-get and apt-cache, but 

参考地址：

https://blog.csdn.net/w294954902/article/details/84998797