A1025(25)

坑点在最后,应该设置c数值为2.也就是说第一个除外,剩下的从第二名开始
然后最主要是细心,sort里面不能采用数组形式,注意表达,否则会报错。错误形式是stl中的
[Error] no type named ‘value_type’ in ‘struct std::iterator_traits’ site:blog.csdn.net
其余坑点没有,一定要细心

#include<cstdio>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=100010;
struct Student
{
   char name[15];
   int localnum;
   int score;
   int localrank;
}rank1[maxn];
bool cmp(Student a,Student b)
{
	if(a.score!=b.score)
	return a.score>b.score;
	else return strcmp(a.name,b.name)<0;
}
int main()
{
	int n,k,m=0;
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	{
		cin>>k;
		for (int j=1;j<=k;j++)
		{
			scanf("%s %d",rank1[m].name,&rank1[m].score);
			rank1[m].localnum=i;
			m++;
		}
		sort(rank1+m-k,rank1+m,cmp);
		int p=1;
		rank1[m-k].localrank=p++;
		for (int j=m-k+1;j<m;j++)
		{
			if (rank1[j].score==rank1[j-1].score)
			rank1[j].localrank=rank1[j-1].localrank;
			else
			rank1[j].localrank=p;
			p++;
		}
	}
	sort(rank1,rank1+m,cmp);
	printf("%d\n",m);
	int c=2;
	int p=1;
	printf("%s 1 %d 1\n",rank1[0].name,rank1[0].localnum);
	for(int i=1;i<m;i++)
	{
		if(rank1[i].score==rank1[i-1].score)
		printf("%s %d %d %d\n",rank1[i].name,p,rank1[i].localnum,rank1[i].localrank);
		else
		{
			printf("%s %d %d %d\n",rank1[i].name,c,rank1[i].localnum,rank1[i].localrank);
			p=c;
		}
		c++;
	}
}
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PassMark BurnInTest V5.3 Copyright (C) 1999-2008 PassMark Software All Rights Reserved http://www.passmark.com Overview ======== Passmark's BurnInTest is a software tool that allows all the major sub-systems of a computer to be simultaneously tested for reliability and stability. Status ====== This is a shareware program. This means that you need to buy it if you would like to continue using it after the evaluation period. Installation ============ 1) Uninstall any previous version of BurnInTest 2) Double click (or Open) the downloaded ".exe" file 3) Follow the prompts UnInstallation ============== Use the Windows control panel, Add / Remove Programs Requirements ============ - Operating System: Windows 2000, XP, 2003 server, Vista (*) - RAM: 32 Meg - Disk space: 6 Meg of free hard disk space (plus an additional 10Meg to run the Disk test) - DirectX 9.0c or above software for 3D graphics and video tests (plus working DirectX drivers for your video card) - SSE compatible CPU for SSE tests - A printer to run the printer test, set-up as the default printer in Windows. - A CD ROM + 1 Music CD or Data CD to run the CD test. - A CD-RW to run the CD burn test. - A network connection and the TCP/IP networking software installed for the Network Tests Pro version only: - A serial port loop back plug for the serial port test. - A parallel port loop back plug for the parallel port test. - A USB port loop back plug for the USB port test. - A USB 2.0 port loop back plug for the USB 2.0 port test. - PassMark ModemTest V1.3 1010 (or higher) for Plugin Modem testing. - PassMark KeyboardTest V2.2 1011 (or higher) for Plugin Keyboard testing. - PassMark Firewire Plugin V1.0 1000 (or higher) and a 揔anguru FireFlash?drive for Plugin Firewire testing. (*) Windows 2000 does not support the CD-RW burn test. The advanced RAM test is only available under Windows 2000 and Windows XP professional (the other RAM tests are supported under the other OS's). Users must have administrator privileges. Windows 98 and Windows ME ========================= Windows 98 and ME are not supported in BurnInTest version 5.3 and above. Use a version of BurnInTest prior to 5.2 for compatibility with W98 and ME. Windows 95 and Windows NT ========================= Windows 95 and NT are not supported in BurnInTest version 4.0 and above. Use a version of BurnInTest prior to 3.1 for compatibility with W95 and NT. Version History =============== Here is a summary of all changes that have been made in each version of BurnInTest. Release 5.3 build 1035 revision 4 WIN32 release 10 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Lenovo system detection changes. Release 5.3 build 1035 revision 3 WIN32 release 7 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Lenovo system detection changes. Release 5.3 build 1035 revision 2 WIN32 release 6 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Lenovo logo and Lenovo system detection changes. Release 5.3 build 1035 WIN32 release 5 November 2008 - Lenovo China specific build. Changes include: Lenovo logo added, Lenovo system support only, 32-bit BurnInTest restricted to 32-bit Windows and BurnInTest run as administrator. Release 5.3 build 1034 WIN32 release 3 October 2008 - Correction to setting the CD burn test drive in preferences. - Changed the mechanism to check for the required DirectX Direct3D as the previous method did not work on some system (some W2003 servers). - Enhanced the mechanism to report memory hardware errors in the Memory torture test. Release 5.3 build 1033 WIN32 release 1 October 2008 - Changes to correct a BurnInTest crash problem on some systems. When the disk and standard RAM tests are run for many hours, BurnInTest may have disappeared with no error message. Release 5.3 build 1030 WIN32 release 25 September 2008 - Changes to investigate a BurnInTest crash problem on XP SP3. Release 5.3 build 1028 WIN32 release 11 September 2008 - Two 2D Video memory test crash bug workarounds implemented. Crashes in (i) DirectX DirectShow and (ii) ATI atiumdag.dll library. - A hang on startup has been corrected. A 2 minute timeout has been added to the collection of system information. - Video playback, Hard disk and CD/DVD test 'no operations' error reporting changed. - When BurnInTest crashes, it will not generate a "minidump" file. Minidumps will need to be sent to Microsoft as per the normal process. However, a log entry will be added to the normal BurnInTest log. - Changes to trace logging to reduce activity when trace logging is not turned on. - Note: We have seen a report of the Video Playback failing (crash) due to a faulty video codec, ffdshow.ax. If you are using this we suggest you try a different Video file and codec. Release 5.3 build 1027 revision 0003 WIN32 release 19 August 2008 - Changed the 2D test to wait for the Video Playback test in order to allow memory allocation for the Video playback test. - Changed the Memory test to wait for the Video Playback test and 3D test to allow memory allocation for these tests. - Minor changes to the No operation error watchdog timer for the CD and Hard disk tests. - Minor correction to the Butterfly seek test. - Video playback trace logging increased. Release 5.3 build 1027 revision 0002 WIN32 release 19 August 2008 - Video playback trace logging increased. Release 5.3 build 1027 WIN32 release 31 July 2008 - Corrected a bug where BurnInTest would fail to start if Activity trace level 2 logging (debug level logging) was turned on and the Logging Summarize option was also selected. - Minor change to the serial port test where, if "Disable RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR test phase" was selected the DTR and RTS lines would be explicitly disabled to prevent any toggling of these lines. Previously these where enabled, but not explicitly toggled. Release 5.3 build 1026 WIN32 release 17 July 2008 - Updated Level 2 and Level 3 CPU cache information for newer Intel CPU's. - Updated the detection of Hyperthreading and the number of logical CPUs for a new Intel CPU. Release 5.3 build 1025 WIN32 release 11 July 2008 - Corrected a Disk test bug where on rare occasions a verification error is incorrectly displayed. This is during the random seeking phase of the "Random data with random seeking" test mode and only occurs with some specific test settings. Release 5.3 build 1024 WIN32 release 10 July 2008 - Workaround for the rare crash bug in Vista in atklumdisp.dll at address 0x730676ae. - Added trace debug information for BurnInTest startup and the 3D test. Release 5.3 build 1022 WIN32 release 12 June 2008 - Corrected a bug where the 2D video memory test in BurnInTest v5.3.1020 and v5.3.1021 would report a "Not enough video memory available for test" error if the test was run a couple of times (without closing BurnInTest). Release 5.3 build 1021 WIN32 release 5 June 2008 - 32-bit BurnInTest PRO 5.3.1020 would not start on Windows 2000. This has been corrected. Release 5.3 build 1020 WIN32 release 29 May 2008 - BurnInTest could have crashed on accessing bad video memory hardware in the 2D test. This problem is now just reported as an error (and BurnInTest) continues. - When BurnInTest crashes, it should now generate a "minidump" file to help debug which system component caused the failure (32-bit Pro version only). - Other minor changes. Release 5.3 build 1019 WIN32 release 16 May 2008 - Corrected rare crash bugs in the 2D and Video tests. - Added a hot Key, F4, to set the auto run flag and run the tests (i.e. set "-r" and then run the tests). - Other minor changes. Release 5.3 build 1018 WIN32 release 16 April 2008 - Added an operation watchdog timer for all tests. In rare cases, a single test can stop in the operating system - i.e. there is a problem in the operating system/ device driver that prevents control being returned to the BurnInTest for that test. This was added for specialized serial port hardware that could lockup after several hours of testing. Release 5.3 build 1017 WIN32 release 3 April 2008 - Corrected the Advanced Network test to run on non-English Operating Systems. Release 5.3 build 1016 WIN32 release 17 March 2008 - Added additional USB 2.0 Loopback plug test initialization to ensure plugs are in a 'clean' state when starting the USB tests. This was added due to reported USB data verification errors after scripted USB testing across multiple reboots. Release 5.3 build 1015 WIN32 release 27 February 2008 - Increased error reporting detail for the standard RAM test, when the -v command line option is used. Release 5.3 build 1014 WIN32 release 30 January 2008 - Corrected a problem where the loopback sound test could run out of memory if run for several days. Release 5.3 build 1013 WIN32 release 31 December 2007 - Improved the reporting of COM port errors such that in the rare case a COM port locks up in the Operating System, the error is still reported. - Corrected a bug, where in rare cases, the result summary could be duplicated in a log file. - Updated license management, in an attempt to remove a rare crash on startup. Release 5.3 build 1012.0002 WIN32 release 31 October 2007 - New build of Rebooter (64-bit Windows correction). - Clarifications in the help file. Release 5.3 build 1012 WIN32 release 17 October 2007 - Changed the Standard Network Test, "Test all available NICs" such that the number of Network Addresses specified in Preferences->Network will be the number of NICs tested. This will error faulty NICs that are not detected by the BurnInTest auto NIC detection mechanism. - Minor change to the 2D memory test when run with the 3D test (multiple large windows) and the RAM test. Aimed at correcting sympton: Access Violation 0x00404CF9. - Corrections to the mapping of paths with ".\". Release 5.3 build 1011 rev 2 WIN32 release 17 September 2007 - Modified the Multi-Process torture test to better describe a new error message introduced in V5.3.1010. Release 5.3 build 1011 - Public release WIN32 release 11 September 2007 - Corrected a bug where "Limited Evaluation Version" could be displayed even after BUrnInTest is licensed (problem introduced in 32-bit BITPRO V5.3.1010). - Changed the Sound test to allow any of the tests (Wave, Midi or MP3) to be excluded from testing by blanking the filename. - The Command line parameter "-j" (cycle disk test patterns after each test file) could fail during the Random data test due to the mechanism used in BurnInTest. The Random data test is now excluded from the test when (and only when) the "-j" command line parameter is specified. - In rare circumstances, the 2D test number of operations could potentially overflow and become negative. This has been corrected. - In rare circumstances, BurnInTest could hang if there was a system problem in rebooting the system (ie. it failed to shutdown) using PassMark Rebooter. This has been corrected. Release 5.3 build 1010 - Public release WIN32 release 28 August 2007 WIN64 release 28 August 2007 - As BurnInTest exercises system components, it is possible for faulty hardware or device drivers to cause software exceptions. These are normally seen as Windows reporting an "Access Violation". Changes have been made to handle these errors for the memory tests (for faulty RAM) and direct device driver access (for some device driver errors), as well as overarching more generic handling of these types of errors. - Corrected a software failure bug on startup (particularly Vista) where a DirectX function was causing software failures in "dsetup.dll". - Updated the "Activity Event" generated with the periodic results summary report to be numbered (from 1 upwards) such that when "Logging->Summarize", these events are not summarized. - Corrected a bug where the HTML log name could include a duplicate of the filename prefix. - Updated to the Common Errors section of help. Release 5.3 build 1009 - Public release WIN32 release 16 August 2007 - Corrected a 'zip' version cleanup problem. Release 5.3 build 1008 - Komputer Swiat Expert magazine version WIN32 STD release 14 August 2007 Release 5.3 build 1007 - Public release WIN32 release 7 August 2007 - Corrected a disk test startup problem for some large RAID systems when SMART testing is selected. - Added additional logging for the disk test when an error occurs. - Changed the 3D test when run with the 2D EMC test to be 'behind' the EMC scrolling H's test. Allowed the test to be easily exited when running the 3D test in Fullscreen mode. - Minor corrections to the Advanced Network test. - Changed the log file reference of "Network Name" to "Computer Name". WIN64 specific: - MMX and 3DNow! are obsolete for native 64-bit applications. BurnInTest has been changed to show "NA" (Not applicable) in the test window for these tests. Release 5.3 build 1006 - Limited release WIN32 release 17 July 2007 - Standard Network Test changes: - Increased the number of destination IP addresses from 4 to 6. - Added an option (default) "Test all available NICs", which will force traffic down every system NIC with a basic algorithm of NIC1 to IP Address 1, NIC2 to IP Address 2 etc. - Advanced Network test changes: - Simplified the test. - Removed the UDP and FTP options. The Standard Network test can be used as a UDP test. - Removed the Advanced Network test specific logging, and included all relevant logging in the standard BurnInTest logging mechanism. - Replaced the complicated dynamic balancing of any system NIC to any Endpoint NIC with a simpler static allocation on test startup. - Changed the error detection mechanism to detect errors much more quickly. - Re-worked the errors reported. - Changed the CPU throttling mechanism to reduce the CPU load. - Updated endpoint.exe. - Removed checkend.exe (now obsolete). - Changed the logging rollover to work with the output of interim results (e.g. per 1 minute). Previously rollover only occurred on error events written to the log. This also corrected an issue where interim results summary logging could be written to the physical disk with some delay (based on Windows disk caching). - Corrected the "Unknown" reporting of some operating systems. - Added the skipping of the Butterfly seek disk test when run on Vista and insufficient privileges. A notification of this is logged. - Intel Quad core L2 cache size reporting has been added. - Added new SMART threshold descriptions. - Added new disk test options, accessed via command line parameters: /ka: keep disk test files in all cases (c.f. /k keep disk test files on error). /j: cycle patterns between test files. Note: Random seeking will be skipped in this case. This option has been added to allow multiple test patterns to be used across very large disks. - Added an option to make some test settings unavailable to the user. An example configuration file available on request. Release 5.3 build 1005 0001 (STD only) - Public release WIN32 release 29 June 2007 - Corrected a bug introduced in v5.3.1005.0000 STD (only) where the disk test would use up more and more system resources, thus causing test failures. Release 5.3 build 1005 rev 0003 (PRO only) - Limited public release WIN32 release 21 June 2007 - Correction to the behavior of a static RAM test pattern (rather than the default Cyclic pattern). Release 5.3 build 1005 rev 0002 (PRO only) - Limited public release WIN32 release 15 June 2007 - The "Select all CD/DVD drives" preferences option has been made user configurable, rather than using pre-defined test settings. Release 5.3 build 1005 rev 0001 (PRO only) - Limited public release WIN32 release 13 June 2007 - Bug correction for the CD auto selection feature. Release 5.3 build 1005 - Public release WIN32 release 18 May 2007 WIN64 release 18 May 2007 - In a number of cases, such as when specifying the post test application, uppercase application names were not accepted. This has been corrected. - The default font height in the 2D scrolling H's test should have been Arial 9. This has been changed. - The BurnInTest Video playback test incompatibility with Nero 6 and Nero 7 has been resolved. - The BurnInTest disk test throughput for dual core systems has been improved. Release 5.3 build 1004 rev2 - Limited release WIN32 release 8 May 2007 - Changed the Standard Network Test to better report packet error ratios. In addition, a new warning has been added to indicate that errors have been detected but not enough packets have been attempted to be sent to determine accurately whether the configured error ratio has been exceeded. - Corrected a bug where the "append to existing" logging option did not work across scripted reboots, and a new log file was created instead of appending to the existing log file. - If the 3D test was running, then BurnInTest blocked a forced close of BurnInTest, this blocking has been removed. - Changed the PASS and FAIL windows so they can now also be closed by selecting the Windows Close "X" button. Release 5.3 build 1004 - Public release WIN32 release 10 April 2007 WIN64 release 10 April 2007 - Corrected a problem introduced in BurnInTest v5.2 where BurnInTest could run out of memory (the main symptom) when tests where run for long periods (> 12hours). WIN64 specific: - Corrected a bug where the number of cores reported on a Quad core system was incorrectly reported as CPU packages. Release 5.3 build 1003 - Limited release WIN32 release 3 April 2007 - A new 2D GUI (Graphical User Interface) test has been added to the standard 2D graphics test. - Resolved an issue where BurnInTest would fail to start on Vista systems with DEP enabled for all programs. - On some systems, the Disk test could pause momentarily even when a duty cycle of 100% was specified. This pause has been removed. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 additional specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. - Minor bug corrections. Release 5.3 build 1002 rev 0001 - Limited release WIN32 release 16 March 2007 - Changes to the new 3D test: - Added a Full screen non-windowed test for the primary monitor, where the resolution can be selected from those supported by the Graphics card. - Added the user option of changes the vertical sync in the full screen non-windowed test to be either the Maximum rate of the graphics card, or to be the rate of the monitor (this may prevent some flicker). - Added a more complex water texture using DirectX Vertex Shader 2.0 and Pixel Shader 2.0 effects (if supported by the graphics card). This applies to 3D test windows that are 800x600 or larger. - Changed some error messages from window displays (that require user intervention) to standard error reporting. Added new 3D error messages and more detail in the error reporting. - Changed the definition of an operation to be a successfully displayed frame. - Changed the definition of a cycle to be 2000 frames. - Changed 2D video memory test to wait until the 3D test starts (as per V5.2 and earlier). - A new version of rebooter has been included. - If BurnInTest is started with the -p command line parameter (to use the bit.exe directory for files such as the configuration file), then BurnInTest will start rebooter with the -p option. This can be useful when running BurnInTest and Rebooter from a USB drive. Release 5.3 build 1002 - Limited release WIN32 release 19 March 2007 - Corrected a bug introduced in V5.2 where selecting accumulated logging could lead to rebooter failing to launch. Release 5.3 build 1001 - Limited release WIN32 release 16 March 2007 - The 3D test has been improved. The 3D ball test has been replaced with a more complex 3D terrain test. This will more thoroughly exercise modern graphics cards. Further, the 3D test has been changed to support multi- monitor testing (up to 4 monitors). Accordingly, a new preferences section has been added for the 3D test. The multi-monitor test options are only available in BurnInTest Professional. Release 5.3 build 1001 - Limited release WIN32 release 16 March 2007 - The 3D test has been improved. The 3D ball test has been replaced with a more complex 3D terrain test. This will more thoroughly exercise modern graphics cards. Further, the 3D test has been changed to support multi- monitor testing (up to 4 monitors). Accordingly, a new preferences section has been added for the 3D test. The multi-monitor test options are only available in BurnInTest Professional. - BurnInTest uses DirectX 9.0c. This version of BurnInTest uses a more recent version of the Microsoft DirectX Direct3D component, October 2006. BurnInTest has been modified to detect and install this component (file) if it does not exist. - A command line parameter -X has been added to skip the DirectX version checking on BurnInTest start-up. - With the recent introduction of multi-monitor support for the Video Playback test, it is now more likely that the system will run out of memory when running multiple video tests simultaneously, particularly when more memory intensive codecs are used. A specific Insufficient resources to complete test message has been added in this case, rather than the previous more generic unrecoverable error message. The video test have been changed to attempt recovery from this and the more generic unrecoverable error, by closing the current video and opening the next. The logging detail has been increased. - Note: The BurnIntest sample video pack has been altered with the DivX Compressed Video file being removed due to the DivX codec failing with this Video file when used with multiple simultaneous Video playbacks. Access Violation: 0x69756e65. See: http://www.passmark.com/download/bit_download.htm - The video description is now collected for a larger range of Vista systems. - Windows 98 and ME are no longer supported. Please see www.passmark.com for a link to an older version of BurnInTest that will support W98/ME. Release 5.3 build 1000 rev2 - Limited release WIN32 release 9 March 2007 - A command line parameter -P has been added to allow the BurnInTest directory to be used rather than the User's personal directory. This may be useful when running BurnInTest from a USB drive for example. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 additional specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. - A change has been made to support Hmonitor temperature monitoring on Vista. - A number of undocumented command line parameters have been documented: -B: BurnInTest will generate additional Serial port test information when activity trace level 2 logging is set. -E [data]: Specifies the test data to use in the serial port test. -M: Automatically display the Machine ID Window when BurnInTest is started. -U: Force BurnInTest to set logging on at startup. Release 5.3 build 1000 - Limited release WIN32 release 8 March 2007 - Changed the 2D and Video playback tests to support multi-monitor testing. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. Release 5.2 build 1006 - Limited release WIN32 release 1 March 2007 - Corrected a bug where BurnInTest would fail to start on certain Vista systems. - Corrected a bug where some files where the full path was not specified would be incorrectly referenced in the Program Files directory, rather than the user personal directory. Release 5.2 build 1005 - Public release WIN32 release 21 February 2007 WIN64 release 21 February 2007 - Updated the Graphics card description for Windows Vista systems. - Updated the Advanced Network test to indicate that elevated administrator privileges are required when running on Vista. - Moved files from the Program files directory for the Advanced Network Test (BurnInTest, EndPoint and CheckEnd). Specifically, the User Application directory is now used for the temporary test FTP files and the User Personal directory is now used for the log and configuration files. - Updated the cleanup process for when running the "zip" version of BurnInTest Professional from a CD or flash drive. - Updated the help link from the Windows Start, All Programs, BurnInTest menu for the browser based help. - Corrected a bug where Disk preferences displayed in the Preferences window would be incorrect when the system had no Floppy drive. - Corrected a bug where the Advanced Network test might not have been displayed until after entering the Duty Cycle selection (ie. just chaning from the standard network test to the advanced test). - Corrected a USB bug in Beta 5.2.1003 where the test would not run if there where there insufficient USB loopback plugs attached to the system. - Included a new version of PassMark Rebooter that supports Windows Vista. Release 5.2 build 1004 - Public Pre-release WIN32 release 13 February 2007 - Updated the reported Operating system for the various Vista product editions. - Disk test settings can be configured for "Automatically Select all Hard Disks", rather than using defaults. - When running the CD test under BartPE (Pre-install environment) 4 specific files are skipped as they are unavailable for testing. - Corrected a bug where temperature information could be duplicated in the HTML report. - Corrected a bug certain 'save report' warning messages could be truncated. - Help file updated. Release 5.2 build 1003 - BETA RELEASE ONLY WIN32 release 23 January 2007 - Changed the USB preferences and test to more completely check for the PassMark USB Loopback plugs and ignore any device that is not a PassMark USB Loopback plug (due to reported incorrect detection with another hardware device). - Increased Trace level debugging for Intel temperature monitoring. - Corrected a bug with the disk test introduced in 5.2.1001 Release 5.2 build 1002 - BETA RELEASE ONLY WIN32 release 22 January 2007 - Increased the number of disks that can be tested from 20 to 26. - Updated BurnInTest to reflect that Temperature monitoring with Intel Desktop utilities is supported. Intel Desktop utilities essentially is a replacement for Intel Active Monitor for newer Intel motherboards. - Increased Trace level debugging for Intel temperature monitoring. Release 5.2 build 1001 - BETA RELEASE ONLY WIN32 release 19 January 2007 - Windows Vista support. - The Block size used in the disk test is now configurable per disk. The default block size has been increased from 16KB to 32KB. - An option has been added to automatically detect all of the CD and DVD drives for the CD test (as per the disk test). This may be useful when testing across many systems with different optical drive configurations. - Increased Trace level debugging for Intel temperature monitoring. - Bugs corrected: - Disk preferences - in rare cases invalid default values could be set for a disk, an invalid value error would occur and the values would need to be manually corrected. Release 5.2 build 1000 - limited release WIN32 release 8 January 2007 - Windows Vista support. - Reduced the need for elevated administrator privileges: - Changed the location of the disk test files from the root directory of the test volume to a BurnInTest data files subdirectory (e.g from "C:\" to "C:\BurnInTest test files\") - Moved many of the files from the Program Files directory to the User directory for Windows 2000, XP and Vista. When running BurnInTest on Windows 98, ME or from a key.dat file (e.g. from a USB drive with a licensed key.dat) BurnInTest will store these files in the BurnInTest program directory. Specifically, the following files have been moved from the Program Files directory to the User Personal directory, e.g. Vista - "C:\Users\\Documents\PassMark\BurnInTest\" XP - "My Documents\PassMark\BurnInTest\" Files: Configuration file, Configuration load/save default directory, Save log file and image default directory, parallel port override "ioports.dat" directory, default command line script directory, log file directory, video file directory, Plugin directory, machine id file directory, Run as script default directory, CD burn image, Advanced network FTP temp files. - Replaced the Help system with Browser based help. - Changed the Disk test block size from 16KB to 256KB. It is planned to make this user configurable in the next build. Release 5.1 build 1014 WIN32 release 2 November 2006 WIN64 release 2 November 2006 - Corrected a bug when running on Vista, where the Standard network test would report a checksum error when the transmitted data was correct. - Corrected a bug where BurnInTest would not stop the tests based on the number of test cycles for the Plugin test or the Advanced Network test. - Made the "Could not set USB2Test mode" USB error message more specific by adding an error for insufficient system resources. - Changed the preferences Window to fit on an 800x600 resolution screen. - Corrected a minor bug in Activity level 2 trace logging with the 'hide duplicate' preference setting. - Corrected a minor memory leak if the 2D test failed to initialize (such as due to a DirectX problem). - The Parallel port test may now be used on Windows Vista. Specifically, the PassMark device driver used for the parallel port test could not be loaded on 64-bit Windows Vista as it was not digitally signed. It is now digitally signed. Release 5.1 build 1013 revision 0002 WIN32 release 19 September 2006 WIN64 release 19 September 2006 - Corrected an Access Violation problem reported by a customer on a particular MB. Release 5.1 build 1013 WIN32 release 7 September 2006 WIN64 release 7 September 2006 - The "Notes" section has been added to the Customer results certificate. - Some additional configuration range validation has been added. Release 5.1 build 1012 WIN32 release 15 August 2006 - Corrected a false report of a "Unable to get disk volume extent information" for the disk butterfly seek test. - Advanced Network test changes for errors: "Corrupt header - packet discarded" and "Advanced Network test timed out" - Advanced Network test Endpoint changes for problems on non-English Operating Systems and systems with the Windows "Network Interface" performance statistics disabled. - SMART parameters on a Samsung Hard Disk caused BurnInTest to fail when running the disk test with SMART thresholds enabled. This has been corrected. - The 2D scrolling H's test could display corrupt characters on the second and subsequent test run. This has been corrected. - A problem with the Integer maths test where the results could display a negative number of operations has been resolved. - Minor improvements to the help file. - HTML help file added for Windows Vista and Longhorn Server. - Minor improvements to the Error Classification file (error descriptions). - Some CD Trace level 1 logging has been moved to trace level 2. - Trace level 1 logging has been added to the test closing software. - New build of Endpoint.exe (1.0 1010). Release 5.1 build 1011 WIN32 release 6 July 2006 - New Advanced Network test error reporting added in the previous build V5.1 1010 has been removed. - A broader range of USB 2.0 Loopback plugs can now be used with BurnInTest. Release 5.1 build 1010 WIN32 release 4 July 2006 - Corrected the HTML report description of the L2/L3 CPU cache when the L3 cache size could not be determined. Advanced network changes: - Endpoints ran at 100% CPU load as they contained no throttling. This impacted their ability to effectively handle multiple threads handling TCP/UDP messaging. Throttling has been added to the EndPoint side to reduce CPU load. This does not greatly impact Network load. - Throttling on the BurnInTest side contained a sleep that was not insignificant. This could have impacted the BurnInTest data test thread to to handle incoming TCP and particularly UDP messages. This sleep has been reduced and other throttling parameters changed to suit. (ie. smaller sleeps more often). - EndPoint systems with x NICs (where x > 1), reported themselves as an Endpoint with x NICs, x times. Effectively registering with BurnInTest as x * x EndPoint NICS. This impacted the effectiveness of the load distribution to EndPoint NICs. An Endpoint system now only registers the once with BurnInTest. - The BurnInTest side did not report data verification Checksum errors for full duplex testing. This error determination has been corrected and reporting added. - The Test statistics sent from the Endpoint to BurnInTest could fail if the statistics block is split across 2 lower level TCP send packets. This could lead to problems like incorrect reporting of Endpoint determined checksum errors, Endpoint load and load balancing. Further it would lead to an Endpoint testthread being put into an endless TCP send loop. This would eventually bring the Endpoint system to its knees as more and more of these test threads go into this state. This has been corrected. - The Data Received reported by BurnInTest was double counted. This has been corrected. Release 5.1 build 1009 WIN32 release 23 June 2006 - Plugin test error classifications were incorrect in the log file detailed description. - Corrections to the advanced network test (BurnInTest and EndPoint). Release 5.1 build 1008 - limited release WIN32 release 20 June 2006 - Advanced network changes corrections. Most notably, a bug where part of the payload data could be lost if the payload block (eg. 1000 bytes) was split across 2 (or more) lower level TCP packets. - Added version reporting for Endpoints. Release 5.1 build 1007 - limited release WIN32 release 16 June 2006 Advanced network changes: - Corrected a BurnInTest access Violation introduced in V5.1 1006. - The Endpoint now reports its version and build to BurnInTest and BurnInTest reports this in the log file if it is an earlier version than expected. This is to help avoid the situation where old Endpoints are run on the Network, that may not be compatible with the version of BurnInTest being run by the user. - Removed a timeout report in a specific instance where a timeout is not an error. - Changed the Endpoint rebalancing and polling to occur less often after the test has been running 3 minutes. This is to help allowing the handling of polling from a larger number of multiple copies of BurnInTest on the Network. - Added a connection retries on failure for the Endpoint. - Corrected a memory leak in the Endpoint. - Increased the number of sockets supported. - Corrected some Advanced Network error classifications. Release 5.1 build 1006 - limited release WIN32 release 14 June 2006 - Improvements to the Advanced Network test (both BurnInTest V5.1 1006 and EndPoint V1.0 1004) to remove corrupted false packet corruption errors. Improved the timeout recovery mechanism. Added some validation to the Windows Network performance data used for NIC utilization. - Changes to the collection of Disk drive information on startup to try to resolve a startup issue on Systems with a large number of physical drives and 'unusual' WMI namings. Release 5.1 build 1005 WIN32 release 2 June 2006 - Corrected a bug in the Advanced network test where the test would not recover from timeout errors. The test appears to be running, but the results are 0 and the number of connected End Points are 0. Also improved the retry on timeout mechanism. - Removed some duplication in error reporting in the Advanced Network test. - Changed the Advanced Network display of Utilization to ensure a maximum of 100% displayed. - Corrected an Advanced Network test bug where the number of Errors reported in the test window would not take into account the corrupt packet threshold, and an error would be added for each occurrence of the corrupt packet (rather than when the user set threshold was reached). Release 5.1 build 1004b WIN32 release 25 May 2006 (not publicly released) - Corrected the default Advanced network corrupt packet threshold value. - Updated the data entry fields in the CD preferences when a different CD drive is selected. - The Advanced Network specific log files should be concatenated for a script run. This was only occurring for the first NIC under test. The concatenation will now occur for each NIC under test, when run from a script. - Corrected a bug where a log file name specified with no directory path could be incorrect. - Corrected a bug where the customer "Test Certificate" report incorrectly translated the "%" character from a customer specific HTML template. eg would be translated to . - The "Advanced Network test error" (215) has been removed and replaced with other existing error messages 214, 219, 220, 221 or 222. - Added the Customer name and Technician name to the text and HTMl reports. Previously, this information was only included in the "Test Certificate" report. - We have added a commandline option to specify the Serial port test data as a constant value. To specify specific data for the Serial port test you should specify e.g. "bit.exe /E 23" from the command line where 23 is in decimal and will be used for all test data (instead of random data). The vales should be between 0 and 255. Release 5.1 build 1004 WIN32 release 19 April 2006 (not publicly released) - Added the COM port speed of 921600 Kbits/s for RS 422/RS485 testing. - Changed the CD test to ensure that the entire test CD data is not cached on systems with a large amount of RAM. - Added a -M command line option to display the Machine ID window automatically when BurninTest starts. - Changed the 2D EMC scrolling H's test to work on multiple monitors were the resolution on each is different. - Changed log files such the syntax "..\" could be used for files in the directory up a level. - Minor correction to the advanced network test. Release 5.1 build 1003 WIN32 release 18 April 2006 WIN64 release 18 April 2006 - Changed the Advanced network test to allow a corrupt packet threshold value up to 1 million. - Bundled a new version of rebooter. Release 5.1 build 1002 WIN32 release 11 April 2006 WIN64 release 11 April 2006 - Corrections to the translation of V4.0 to V5 configuration files. Note: Configuration files in V5.x builds prior to V5.1 1002 could become corrupted if a V4.0 configuration file is loaded. - Corrected a bug where the main Window size and location were not restored on restarting BurnInTest. - Changes to the SMART attribute logging to support a greater range of Disk drive device drivers. Added additional Activity Level 2 trace logging. - Added an option to use CTS (Clear To Send) flow control in the loop back stage of the COM port test. - Corrected a bug where the CPU L3 cache could be reported as -1. - Help file updates. Release 5.1 build 1001 WIN32 release 30/March/2006 - Digitally signed the BurnInTest application to allow it to run under Windows Server "Longhorn". Note, previously only the installation package was digitally signed. - Updated the reported Operating system descriptions, including: - Windows Vista - Windows Server "Longhorn" - Corrected a bug where the Advanced network information was not displayed on the main window when it was run from a script. - The Advanced Network Corrupt threshold packet has been changed to produce an error every time the error is received after the threshold is reached. - Corrected the reporting of "Network, Packet discarded due to corrupt header" as a Network test error. - Corrected a bug where a new log file was not created if (only) the log prefix changed during the running of a script file. - Split the "Network, Advanced Network test error" error into 6 errors: "Network, Advanced Network test error" "Advanced Network Socket error" "Advanced Network Send error" "Advanced Network Send error - no data sent" "Advanced Network Receive error" "Advanced Network Receive error - no data received" Added either activity trace 1 or trace 2 logging for each of the errors, with additional information where available. - Added additional Serial port activity trace 2 logging. Including the logging of all transmit buffer data when the /B command line is used. Release 5.1 build 1000 WIN32 release 27/March/2006 (not a public release) Added the following features: - Create the log file directory specified in the Logging Options if it does not exist. - Condense the Advanced Network Test log files to one log file per IP address per script run, when run from a script. - Added an option to summarize duplicate errors in the log file. - Color coded errors based on severity in the Detailed event log Window and the HTML log file. - Added an option to only create a log file when BurnIn actually runs a test as opposed to every time BurnIn is executed. - Added a warning if a test thread completes with 0 cycles and 0 operations. - In the results summary html file, inserted more spacing between the 揘otes? and 揇etailed Event Log? - Changed the Activity Trace file format to be the same as the log file, ie. text or HTML, rather than always text. - The 2D 揝crolling H抯?test will now display across multiple screens/displays ?i.e. all active displays. - A threshold has been added for the 揷orrupt header ?packet discarded?event in the advanced network options so that a 揊ail?is not produced when that is the only thing that produces errors. - Added looping capability in scripting. LOOP n { ? } where n is the number of times to repeat the commands in the brackets. - Corrected a bug where PASS could be displayed if the Advanced Network test was the only test running, but it failed. Release 5.0 build 1001 WIN32 release 9/March/2006 - Corrected a bug where Network directory paths were not accepted, eg. for the log file name and post test application file name. - The CPU maths test has been improved to better load up all CPU's. Previously BurnInTest started a maths test thread per physical CPU package. BurnInTest has been changed to start a maths test thread per CPU (= num. physical CPU packages x num. CPU cores x num. logical CPUs). - The CPU preferences have been changed to allow the CPU maths test to be locked to any CPU (ie. select a CPU from a list of CPU's where the number of CPU's = num. physical CPU packages x num. CPU cores x num. logical CPUs). - The Parallel and Serial port error message have been modified in the case where a test plug may not have been connected to indicate that the user should check this. - Corrected a bug where a licenced version could display the message "[limited evaluation version]" Release 5.0 build 1000 WIN32 release 24/February/2006 WIN64 release 24/February/2006 NEW TESTS & IMPROVEMENTS TO EXISTING TESTS BurnInTest Standard and Professional versions. - Added a customer style results certificate. This will save the log file in HTML format but from the perspective of a end customer. This report style can be tailored by the user (through changing an HTML template). - An MP3 playback test has been added to the Sound test. - A color printer test has been added. - A new post test option to allow the results to be printed automatically at the end of a test has been added. - Added new Post-test action options of: - Optionally allow the user to "run an external program & exit" after BIT has been manually stopped. Modify the $RESULT variable to "PASS (manual abort)" or "FAIL (manual abort)" for this case. - Allow the results window to be displayed for all post test options (except Reboot). - Added new Pre-test actions to allow an external application to be run and have BIT wait for the application to exit. On continuing, BIT will run the subscript file (of scripting commands) if it has been created. - Changed the manual Stop buttons, to abort the running of a script (rather than just the current test). BurnInTest Professional specific. - Added a "Plugin" test that allows users to develop their own BurnInTest test modules for specialized hardware. Three external plugins may be specified at once. - A Modem test has been added to BurnInTest as a Plugin. PassMark's ModemTest Version V1.3 (latest build) is required. - A KeyBoard Test has been added to BurnInTest as a Plugin. PassMark's KeyboardTest Version V2.2 (latest build) is required. - A Firewire Test has been added to BurnInTest as a Plugin. PassMark's free Firewire plugin is required and a "Kanguru FireFlash" drive is required. - A new advanced network test has been added. BurnInTest Professional only. - The Memory test now allows the user to specify the type of test pattern to be used. - Testing with the USB 2.0 Loopback plug has been improved. When used with USB 2.0 Loopback device driver V2.0.1002, error details will now be reported for: CRC error reported by USB Host controller BIT STUFF error reported by USB Host controller DATA TOGGLE MISMATCH error reported by USB Host controller STALL PID error reported by USB Host controller DEVICE NOT RESPONDING error reported by USB Host controller PID CHECK FAILURE error reported by USB Host controller UNEXPECTED PID error reported by USB Host controller DATA OVERRUN error reported by USB Host controller DATA UNDERRUN error reported by USB Host controller BUFFER OVERRUN error reported by USB Host controller BUFFER UNDERRUN error reported by USB Host controller NOT ACCESSED error reported by USB Host controller FIFO error reported by USB Host controller TRANSACTION (XACT) ERROR reported by USB Host controller BABBLE DETECTED error reported by USB Host controller DATA BUFFER ERROR reported by USB Host controller In the case of these errors, BurnInTest will re-attempt the operation. The user can set the Error reporting to be skipped for the initial recovery attempt. IMPROVEMENTS TO TESTING FACILITIES - Added a disk autoconfig, such that when tests are started, the disk drives and settings will be defaults to all disks (exc. CD/DVD). This may be useful when testing multiple systems with different hard disk drive letters. - Store the position of the Main window on exiting BurnInTest. On starting BurnInTest, position the main window as saved; on starting tests, position the test windows as saved. - Allow a "drag & drop" of the Configuration file directly on the BurnInTest program icon. - Allow testing 99.5% to 100% of disk, instead of 94%, for disks that do not contain the Windows directory and do not contain a swap file. - Added the ability to log interim results, which may be useful for unstable systems. - AMD and Intel Dual core reporting added. - New L2 CPU cache sizes added to reports. - CPU support for SSE3, DEP and PAE added to reports. - Shortcut of "F1" for contextual help added to all Windows. - Improve the flexibility in specifying the EXECUTEWAIT scripting command for sleeper. - Updated logging header information with the hard and optical drive model. - The 2D and 3D tests have been updated to use DirectX 9.0c. - User interface updated. - The HTML report format has been improved. - The BurnInTest configuration file extension has been renamed from .cfg to use .bitcfg, to ensure the configuration file is associated with BurnInTest. - An error message indicating that accumulated log files are not supported when run from CD or DVD has been added. - To allow smaller test files with very large disks, the minimum disk test file size has been reduced from 0.1% to 0.01% of the disk space. - Log events were previously shown as "INFORMATION" if they were low level errors, or simply additional information (not errors). "INFORMATION" now refers to a low level error, and "LOG NOTE" now refers to additional information (that is not in the error count). - Improved the specific detail of the Serial Port errors detected. BurnInTest now reports framing errors, buffer overrun errors, input buffer overflow errors, parity errors and Transmit buffer full errors as specific error messages (rather than a broader error description). - Added the /k command line so the user can specify not to delete HDD test files if an error occurs. - Increased Activity trace level 1 error logging for Serial port testing. - Increased Activity trace level 1 error logging for Hyper threading detection. - Bundled a new version of the Rebooter program. - Improved the Serial port error logging (displaying baud rate) and increased Activity trace level 1 error logging (displaying erroneous data). - Modified the Window sizes to help improve navigation on smaller displays (i.e. 640x480). - The CPU load for the Standard and Torture RAM tests has been made more linear with the duty cycle setting. Note: This means that compared to the previous build of BurnInTest, less RAM test operations will be run per second (when the duty cycle is less than 100). - Additional debug code and very minor changes in the Loopback sound test. - The Post test option of "Run external application and exit" has been modified such that if no external file is specified, this Post test option will just exit BurnInTest. - Allowed the full range of PassMark USB1 loopback plugs to be used with BurnInTest Professional. - Added additional Activity Trace level 2 logging. - The delay inserted between packets in the USB2 test, when the duty cycle is less than 50, has been changed from at least 1ms to at least 1ms to 50ms (for a Duty Cycle of 49 down to 0). - The subscript commands to configure BurnInTest from an external application (i.e. specified in the bit-script-input.txt file and run by specifying either a pre-test or EXECUTEWAIT application) has been changed to allow "LOAD" commands (in addition to "SET" scripting commands). - Renamed the "Error" log to "Event" log. - Changed the order of the items in an Event log line, such that the Severity is the first item. - The EXECUTEWAIT script command has been modified such that the external application may provide an input script file (of SET... commands) to be run after the EXECUTEWAIT application closes. This allows external applications to define test environment parameters (such as the serial number and machine type). - Added scripting commands: SETSERIAL "1234-shdfgdhs-GHGHG" SETMACHINETYPE "HP XPS800" SETNOTES "Test notes defined by the external application." SETLOG "\Program Files\Plugin\plugin_log" SETPLUGIN "\Program Files\Plugin\plugin.exe" - Added POST TEST application parameter substitution to allow values to be passed to an external application at the end of a test. These are: $RESULT - "PASS" or "FAIL" will be substituted. $SERIAL - The serial number will be substituted. $MACHINETYPE - The machine type will be substituted. $NOTES - The notes will be substituted. - Added extra logging for memory allocation errors in the disk test - Added "log bad sector increase" and "bad sector threshold" options to disk test. This resulted in a change to the configuration file format and required additional code to automatically convert from old formats. - Modified the user interface in the preferences window for the disk test and the CD test - Improved the handling of USB 2.0 loopback plugs recovery from sleep states. BUG CORRECTIONS - Corrected a bug where the System and Application events logged in the BurnInTest Trace logs were wrong if the event log had reached its maximum size. - Checks that the Sound test files (WAV and MIDI) exist have been added. - The continuous auto updating of the USB image (USB Loopback plug vs. USB 2.0 Loopback plug) on the main window has been removed. This is now updated on BIT startup, selecting Refresh in USB preferences or on starting a test. If there is a serious USB problem, this (together with the USB 2.0 Loopback device driver, V2.0.1002) will avoid the possibility of BurnInTest locking up. - Corrected a bug with the Butterfly seek mode of the Disk test. This was found to occur with FAT32 disks where the Cylinder size was relatively small and the Sector size relatively large. - Reset Defaults on the Configuration Page now resets the Auto Stop Value. - Reset Defaults on the Configuration Page now resets the color indicators. - The CD test has been modified to skip invalid files either with "?"'s , to avoid reporting errors that are due to the CD test media filenames. - The Network test results window scroll bar has been corrected. - The Memory torture test could fail on some systems with a small amount of RAM and relatively high memory fragmentation. This has been corrected. - Scripting correction for .cmd files. - Corrected a bug that caused problems when running the disk test with SMART monitoring turned on. This problem only occurs on a small number of HDD's. - Corrected memory leaks - On occasion, the measured waveform from the loopback sound test may have been slightly altered on starting or stopping all tests, possibly enough to trigger an error. This has been resolved. - If an error occurred in the final second of a test, the error may have been logged but not included in the big PASS/FAIL results window. This has been corrected. - After running a script file that loaded a configuration file, that had a full path specified, the Save and Load configuration menu options no longer worked. This has been corrected. - Previously, the Version of BurnInTest was only written in the First log file after starting BurnInTest. This log line is now written in all log files. - For USB2 tests that have read or write failures, the Windows error codes are now included in the level 2 Activity trace log. - Command line parameters may now be passed to a PreTest application. - Log files may now use a single static filename. This may be useful when the log file is to be parsed by an external program. - Corrected a bug where the Plugin test would stop prematurely. - Corrected the specification of the Scripting EXECUTEWAIT filename. - Changed Script processing such that a script is aborted if a scripting error is encountered and Stop on error is selected. - Added an indication on the main window that a script is currently running ("Script currently running"). - Corrected the serial port test to identify non-existing plugs when the Disable RTS/CTS and DSR/DTR testing has been selected. - Corrected the display of strange results (666666) reported by a user, related to copy protection. - Fixed a memory leak bug in the MBM interface which caused memory allocation errors. - Added BIT version number to the ASCII log file. - Fixed a bug with the 3D Test that was causing it to stop before the autostop timer period - Changed an error in the tape drive test to a warning if tape drive doesn't support setting drive parameters. History of earlier releases: Please see http://passmark.com/products/bit_history.htm Documentation ============= All the documentation is included in the help file. It can be accessed from the help menu. There is also a PDF format Users guide available for download from the PassMark web site. Support ======= For technical support, questions, suggestions, please check the help file for our email address or visit our web page at http://www.passmark.com Ordering / Registration ======================= All the details are in the help file documentation or you can visit our sales information page http://www.passmark.com/sales Compatibility issues with the Network & Parallel Port Tests =========================================================== If you are running Windows 2000 or XP, you need to have administrator privileges to run this test. Enjoy.. The PassMark Development team
是英文的,全面包含了c#的各方面。是非常好的一本书,绝对值得下载。 Introduction xxvii Part I: The C# Language 1 Chapter 1: .NET Architecture 3 The Relationship of C# to .NET 4 The Common Language Runtime 4 Advantages of Managed Code 4 A Closer Look at Intermediate Language 7 Support for Object Orientation and Interfaces 8 Distinct Value and Reference Types 9 Strong Data Typing 9 Error Handling with Exceptions 16 Use of Attributes 17 Assemblies 17 Private Assemblies 18 Shared Assemblies 19 Reflection 19 .NET Framework Classes 19 Namespaces 21 Creating .NET Applications Using C# 21 Creating ASP.NET Applications 21 Creating Windows Forms 24 Windows Services 24 The Role of C# in the .NET Enterprise Architecture 24 Summary 26 Chapter 2: C# Basics 29 Before We Start 30 Our First C# Program 30 The Code 30 Compiling and Running the Program 31 Contents A Closer Look 31 Variables 34 Initialization of Variables 34 Variable Scope 35 Constants 38 Predefined Data Types 39 Value Types and Reference Types 39 CTS Types 40 Predefined Value Types 41 Predefined Reference Types 44 Flow Control 47 Conditional Statements 47 Loops 51 Jump Statements 54 Enumerations 55 Arrays 57 Namespaces 58 The using Statement 59 Namespace Aliases 60 The Main() Method 61 Multiple Main() Methods 61 Passing Arguments to Main() 62 More on Compiling C# Files 63 Console I/O 65 Using Comments 67 Internal Comments Within the Source Files 67 XML Documentation 68 The C# Preprocessor Directives 70 #define and #undef 70 #if, #elif, #else, and #endif 71 #warning and #error 72 #region and #endregion 72 #line 72 C# Programming Guidelines 73 Rules for Identifiers 73 Usage Conventions 74 Summary 81 Chapter 3: Objects and Types 83 Classes and Structs 84 Class Members 85 Data Members 85 Function Members 85 xi Contents readonly Fields 99 Structs 101 Structs Are Value Types 102 Structs and Inheritance 103 Constructors for Structs 103 The Object Class 104 System.Object Methods 104 The ToString() Method 105 Summary 107 Chapter 4: Inheritance 109 Types of Inheritance 109 Implementation Versus Interface Inheritance 109 Multiple Inheritance 110 Structs and Classes 110 Implementation Inheritance 111 Virtual Methods 112 Hiding Methods 113 Calling Base Versions of Functions 114 Abstract Classes and Functions 115 Sealed Classes and Methods 115 Constructors of Derived Classes 116 Modifiers 122 Visibility Modifiers 122 Other Modifiers 123 Interfaces 123 Defining and Implementing Interfaces 125 Derived Interfaces 128 Summary 130 Chapter 5: Operators and Casts 131 Operators 131 Operator Shortcuts 133 The Ternary Operator 134 The checked and unchecked Operators 134 The is Operator 135 The as Operator 136 The sizeof Operator 136 The typeof Operator 136 Contents Operator Precedence 137 Type Safety 137 Type Conversions 138 Boxing and Unboxing 141 Comparing Objects for Equality 142 Comparing Reference Types for Equality 142 The ReferenceEquals() Method 142 The virtual Equals() Method 143 The static Equals() Method 143 Comparison Operator (==) 143 Comparing Value Types for Equality 143 Operator Overloading 144 How Operators Work 145 Operator Overloading Example: The Vector Struct 146 Which Operators Can You Overload? 153 User-Defined Casts 154 Implementing User-Defined Casts 155 Multiple Casting 161 Summary 165 Chapter 6: Delegates and Events 167 Delegates 167 Using Delegates in C# 169 SimpleDelegate Example 172 BubbleSorter Example 174 Multicast Delegates 177 Events 179 The Receiver’s View of Events 180 Generating Events 182 Summary 186 Chapter 7: Memory Management and Pointers 187 Memory Management under the Hood 187 Value Data Types 188 Reference Data Types 190 Garbage Collection 192 Freeing Unmanaged Resources 193 Destructors 193 The IDisposable Interface 195 xiii Contents Implementing IDisposable and a Destructor 196 Unsafe Code 197 Pointers 198 Pointer Example: PointerPlayaround 207 Using Pointers to Optimize Performance 212 Summary 216 Chapter 8: Strings and Regular Expressions 217 System.String 218 Building Strings 219 Format Strings 223 Regular Expressions 229 Introduction to Regular Expressions 229 The RegularExpressionsPlayaround Example 230 Displaying Results 233 Matches, Groups, and Captures 234 Summary 237 Chapter 9: Collections 239 Examining Groups of Objects 239 Array Lists 240 Collections 241 Dictionaries 245 Summary 256 Chapter 10: Reflection 257 Custom Attributes 258 Writing Custom Attributes 258 Custom Attribute Example: WhatsNewAttributes 262 Reflection 265 The System.Type Class 266 The TypeView Example 268 The Assembly Class 271 Completing the WhatsNewAttributes Sample 272 Summary 276 Contents Chapter 11: Errors and Exceptions 277 Looking into Errors and Exception Handling 277 Exception Classes 278 Catching Exceptions 280 User-Defined Exception Classes 290 Summary 297 Part II: The .NET Environment 299 Chapter 12: Visual Studio .NET 301 Working with Visual Studio .NET 2003 301 Creating a Project 304 Solutions and Projects 311 Windows Application Code 314 Reading in Visual Studio 6 Projects 314 Exploring and Coding a Project 315 Building a Project 326 Debugging 331 Other .NET Tools 334 The ASP.NET Web Matrix Project 335 WinCV 335 Summary 337 Chapter 13: Assemblies 339 What Are Assemblies? 339 The Answer to DLL Hell 340 Features of Assemblies 341 Application Domains and Assemblies 341 Assembly Structure 344 Assembly Manifests 346 Namespaces, Assemblies, and Components 346 Private and Shared Assemblies 347 Viewing Assemblies 347 Building Assemblies 348 Cross-Language Support 353 The CTS and the CLS 353 Language Independence in Action 354 CLS Requirements 364 xv Contents Global Assembly Cache 366 Native Image Generator 366 Global Assembly Cache Viewer 367 Global Assembly Cache Utility (gacutil.exe) 368 Creating Shared Assemblies 369 Shared Assembly Names 369 Creating a Shared Assembly 371 Configuration 376 Configuration Categories 376 Versioning 377 Configuring Directories 387 Summary 390 Chapter 14: .NET Security 391 Code Access Security 392 Code Groups 393 Code Access Permissions and Permissions Sets 399 Policy Levels: Machine, User, and Enterprise 403 Support for Security in the Framework 405 Demanding Permissions 406 Requesting Permissions 407 Implicit Permission 410 Denying Permissions 411 Asserting Permissions 412 Creating Code Access Permissions 414 Declarative Security 414 Role-Based Security 415 The Principal 415 Windows Principal 416 Roles 417 Declarative Role-Based Security 418 Managing Security Policy 419 The Security Configuration File 419 Managing Code Groups and Permissions 423 Turning Security On and Off 423 Resetting Security Policy 423 Creating a Code Group 423 Deleting a Code Group 424 Changing a Code Group’s Permissions 424 Creating and Applying Permissions Sets 425 Distributing Code Using a Strong Name 427 Contents Distributing Code Using Certificates 429 Managing Zones 435 Summary 437 Chapter 15: Threading 439 Threading 439 Applications with Multiple Threads 441 Manipulating Threads 441 The ThreadPlayaround Sample 444 Thread Priorities 448 Synchronization 449 Summary 453 Chapter 16: Distributed Applications with .NET Remoting 455 What Is .NET Remoting? 456 Application Types and Protocols 456 CLR Object Remoting 457 .NET Remoting Overview 457 Contexts 460 Activation 461 Attributes and Properties 461 Communication between Contexts 462 Remote Objects, Clients, and Servers 462 Remote Objects 462 A Simple Server 464 A Simple Client 465 .NET Remoting Architecture 466 Channels 466 Formatters 470 ChannelServices and RemotingConfiguration 471 Object Activation 472 Message Sinks 476 Passing Objects in Remote Methods 476 Lifetime Management 481 Miscellaneous .NET Remoting Features 484 Configuration Files 484 Hosting Applications 494 Classes, Interfaces, and SoapSuds 495 Asynchronous Remoting 498 Remoting and Events 499 Call Contexts 505 Summary 507 xvii Contents Chapter 17: Localization 509 Namespace System.Globalization 510 Unicode Issues 510 Cultures and Regions 511 Cultures in Action 516 Sorting 520 Resources 522 Creating Resource Files 522 ResGen 523 ResourceWriter 523 Using Resource Files 524 The System.Resources Namespace 527 Localization Example Using Visual Studio .NET 527 Outsourcing Translations 533 Changing the Culture Programmatically 534 Using Binary Resource Files 536 Using XML Resource Files 537 Automatic Fallback for Resources 539 Globalization and Localization with ASP.NET 539 A Custom Resource Reader 540 Creating a DatabaseResourceReader 541 Creating a DatabaseResourceSet 542 Creating a DatabaseResourceManager 543 Client Application for DatabaseResourceReader 544 Summary 544 Chapter 18: Deployment 545 Designing for Deployment 545 Deployment Options 546 Xcopy 546 Copy Project 546 Deployment Projects 546 Deployment Requirements 546 Simple Deployment 547 Xcopy 548 Xcopy and Web Applications 548 Copy Project 550 Installer Projects 551 What Is Windows Installer? 551 Creating Installers 552 Advanced Options 562 Summary 569 Contents Part III: Windows Forms 571 Chapter 19: Windows Forms 573 Creating a Windows Form Application 574 Control Class 579 Size and Location 580 Appearance 580 User Interaction 580 Windows Functionality 582 Miscellaneous Functionality 582 Class Hierarchy 582 Standard Controls and Components 584 Forms 598 Form Class 599 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) 607 Custom Controls 610 Summary 622 Chapter 20: Graphics with GDI+ 623 Understanding Drawing Principles 624 GDI and GDI+ 624 Drawing Shapes 626 Painting Shapes Using OnPaint() 629 Using the Clipping Region 630 Measuring Coordinates and Areas 632 Point and PointF 632 Size and SizeF 634 Rectangle and RectangleF 635 Region 636 A Note about Debugging 637 Drawing Scrollable Windows 638 World, Page, and Device Coordinates 644 Colors 645 Red-Green-Blue (RGB) Values 645 The Named Colors 646 Graphics Display Modes and the Safety Palette 646 The Safety Palette 647 Pens and Brushes 648 Brushes 648 Pens 649 xix Contents Drawing Shapes and Lines 650 Displaying Images 652 Issues When Manipulating Images 655 Drawing Text 655 Simple Text Example 656 Fonts and Font Families 657 Example: Enumerating Font Families 659 Editing a Text Document: The CapsEditor Sample 661 The Invalidate() Method 666 Calculating Item Sizes and Document Size 667 OnPaint() 668 Coordinate Transforms 670 Responding to User Input 671 Printing 675 Implementing Print and Print Preview 676 Summary 680 Part IV: Data 683 Chapter 21: Data Access with .NET 685 ADO.NET Overview 685 Namespaces 686 Shared Classes 686 Database-Specific Classes 687 Using Database Connections 688 Using Connections Efficiently 689 Transactions 692 Commands 693 Executing Commands 694 Calling Stored Procedures 698 Fast Data Access: The Data Reader 701 Managing Data and Relationships: The DataSet Class 704 Data Tables 704 Data Columns 705 Data Relationships 711 Data Constraints 713 XML Schemas 715 Generating Code with XSD 716 Populating a DataSet 721 Populating a DataSet Class with a Data Adapter 722 Populating a DataSet from XML 723 xx Contents Persisting DataSet Changes 723 Updating with Data Adapters 724 Writing XML Output 726 Working with ADO.NET 728 Tiered Development 728 Key Generation with SQL Server 730 Naming Conventions 732 Summary 734 Chapter 22: Viewing .NET Data 735 The DataGrid Control 735 Displaying Tabular Data 735 Data Sources 738 DataGrid Class Hierarchy 746 Data Binding 750 Simple Binding 750 Data-Binding Objects 751 Visual Studio.NET and Data Access 757 Creating a Connection 758 Selecting Data 759 Generating a DataSet 762 Updating the Data Source 763 Building a Schema 764 Other Common Requirements 770 Summary 778 Chapter 23: Manipulating XML 781 XML Standards Support in .NET 782 Introducing the System.Xml Namespace 782 Using MSXML in .NET 783 Using System.Xml Classes 786 Reading and Writing Streamed XML 786 Using the XmlTextReader Class 787 Using the XmlValidatingReader Class 791 Using the XmlTextWriter Class 794 Using the DOM in .NET 795 Using the XmlDocument Class 797 Using XPath and XSLT in .NET 802 The System.Xml.XPath Namespace 803 The System.Xml.Xsl Namespace 807 Contents XML and ADO.NET 812 Converting ADO.NET Data to XML 812 Converting XML to ADO.NET Data 820 Reading and Writing a DiffGram 822 Serializing Objects in XML 825 Serialization without Source Code Access 833 Summary 836 Chapter 24: Working with Active Directory 837 The Architecture of Active Directory 838 Features 838 Active Directory Concepts 839 Characteristics of Active Directory Data 843 Schema 843 Administration Tools for Active Directory 845 Active Directory Users and Computers 845 ADSI Edit 846 Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI) 847 Programming Active Directory 848 Classes in System.DirectoryServices 849 Binding 849 Getting Directory Entries 854 Object Collections 855 Cache 857 Creating New Objects 857 Updating Directory Entries 858 Accessing Native ADSI Objects 859 Searching in Active Directory 860 Searching for User Objects 864 User Interface 864 Get the Schema Naming Context 864 Get the Property Names of the User Class 866 Search for User Objects 867 Summary 869 Part V: Web Programming 871 Chapter 25: ASP.NET Pages 873 ASP.NET Introduction 874 State Management in ASP.NET 875 xxii Contents ASP.NET Web Forms 875 ASP.NET Server Controls 880 ADO.NET and Data Binding 892 Updating the Event-Booking Application 893 More on Data Binding 901 Application Configuration 906 Summary 907 Chapter 26: Web Services 909 SOAP 910 WSDL 911 Web Services 913 Exposing Web Services 913 Consuming Web Services 916 Extending the Event-Booking Example 918 The Event-Booking Web Service 919 The Event-Booking Client 922 Exchanging Data Using SOAP Headers 924 Summary 929 Chapter 27: User Controls and Custom Controls 931 User Controls 932 A Simple User Control 932 Custom Controls 939 Custom Control Project Configuration 940 Basic Custom Controls 944 Creating a Composite Custom Control 949 A Straw Poll Control 951 The Candidate Controls 953 The StrawPoll Control Builder 954 Straw Poll Style 955 The Straw Poll Control 956 Summary 962 Part VI: Interop 963 Chapter 28: COM Interoperability 965 .NET and COM 966 Metadata 966 Freeing Memory 966 xxiii Contents Interfaces 967 Method Binding 969 Data Types 969 Registration 969 Threading 969 Error Handling 971 Event Handling 972 Marshaling 972 Using a COM Component from a .NET Client 973 Creating a COM Component 973 Creating a Runtime Callable Wrapper 977 Threading Issues 980 Adding Connection Points 980 Using ActiveX Controls in Windows Forms 982 Using COM Objects from within ASP.NET 985 Using a .NET Component from a COM Client 985 COM Callable Wrapper 986 Creating a .NET Component 986 Creating a Type Library 987 COM Interop Attributes 989 COM Registration 992 Creating a COM Client 993 Adding Connection Points 995 Creating a Client with a Sink Object 996 Running Windows Forms Controls in Internet Explorer 997 Summary 998 Chapter 29: Enterprise Services 999 Overview 999 History 999 Where to Use Enterprise Services? 1000 Contexts 1001 Automatic Transactions 1001 Distributed Transactions 1001 Object Pooling 1002 Role-based Security 1002 Queued Components 1002 Loosely Coupled Events 1002 Creating a Simple COM+ Application 1003 Class ServicedComponent 1003 Application Attributes 1003 Creating the Component 1004 Contents Deployment 1005 Automatic Deployment 1005 Manual Deployment 1005 Component Services Admin Tool 1006 Client Application 1008 Transactions 1009 ACID Properties 1009 Transaction Attributes 1009 Transaction Results 1010 Sample Application 1011 Summary 1021 Part VII: Windows Base Services 1023 Chapter 30: File and Registry Operations 1025 Managing the File System 1026 .NET Classes That Represent Files and Folders 1027 The Path Class 1029 Example: A File Browser 1030 Moving, Copying, and Deleting Files 1035 Example: FilePropertiesAndMovement 1035 Reading and Writing to Files 1039 Streams 1040 Reading and Writing to Binary Files 1042 Reading and Writing to Text Files 1047 Reading and Writing to the Registry 1054 The Registry 1055 The .NET Registry Classes 1057 Example: SelfPlacingWindow 1059 Summary 1066 Chapter 31: Accessing the Internet 1067 The WebClient Class 1068 Downloading Files 1068 Basic Web Client Example 1068 Uploading Files 1070 WebRequest and WebResponse Classes 1070 Other WebRequest and WebResponse Features 1071 Displaying Output as an HTML Page 1074 The Web Request and Web Response Hierarchy 1075 xxv Contents Utility Classes 1077 URIs 1077 IP Addresses and DNS Names 1079 Lower-Level Protocols 1082 Lower-Level Classes 1083 Summary 1088 Chapter 32: Windows Services 1091 What Is a Windows Service? 1091 Windows Services Architecture 1093 Service Program 1093 Service Control Program 1095 Service Configuration Program 1095 System.ServiceProcess Namespace 1095 Creating a Windows Service 1096 A Class Library Using Sockets 1096 TcpClient Example 1100 Windows Service Project 1102 Threading and Services 1107 Service Installation 1107 Installation Program 1108 Monitoring and Controlling the Service 1113 MMC Computer Management 1114 net.exe 1114 sc.exe 1115 Visual Studio .NET Server Explorer 1116 ServiceController Class 1116 Troubleshooting 1122 Interactive Services 1123 Event Logging 1123 Performance Monitoring 1130 Power Events 1135 Summary 1135 At www.wrox.com Appendix A: Principles of Object-Oriented Programming 1137 Appendix B: C# for Visual Basic 6 Developers 1177 Appendix C: C# for Java Developers 1225 Appendix D: C# for C++ Developers 1253 Index 1307
软件介绍 点晴免费OA办公系统目前国内唯一一款软件和通用服务都永久免费、不限功能、不限时间、不限用户的OA办公系统,也是目前国内最好、最受欢迎的永久免费OA办公系统。 点晴OA系统提供:通知、会议、工作流、事务管理、改善提案、财务记账、文件服务器、Email管理、人力资源管理、通讯录、个人备忘录、即时通讯、5S和其他一些公共服务的小模块。 点晴MIS系统手工安装安装步骤 一、 准备机器 准备一台计算机作为服务器,配置要求如下: CPU: Pentium Ⅳ 2.0G 双核以上 内存:2GB以上 硬盘:点晴MIS系统所在分区剩余可用空间50GB以上(且该分区文件系统格式要求为NTFS) 二、安装及配置操作系统 1. 安装操作系统 可使用Windows XP系统,但正式使用务必采用服务器版操作系统,如Windows 2000 Server,Windows Server 2003,Windows Server 2008,Windows Server 2008 R2。 2. 配置防火墙 打开控制面板,点击Windows防火墙,进入Windows 防火墙界面,添加以下端口:25、80、110、10312。 3. 修改IP设置 本机作为服务器供局域网内其他机器访问,需要设置固定IP地址,步骤如下: 1) 打开“控制面板”-“网络连接”,在“本地连接”上点击右键,选择“属性”,弹出“本地连接 属性”窗口; 2) 在“本地连接 属性”窗口中选择 “常规”-“Internet协议(TCPIP)”,查看“属性”,弹出“Internet协议(TCPIP)属性”窗口,在窗口中选择“使用下面的IP地址”,并作如下设置: IP:192.168.x.x(其中的x为0-255之间的任意一个数字,第一个x视具体路由器而定,第二个x可任意设置,但不能与局域网内其他机器相同) 子网掩码:255.255.255.0 网关:192.168.x.1(此处x必须与上面IP的第一个x相同) DNS:填写当地DNS地址,如不清楚,请咨询当地服务提供商。 当本机安装“点晴MIS企业管理系统”之后,局域网内所有机器将通过此处所设IP地址登陆该系统。 4. 启用ActiveX 控件和插件 步骤如下: 1)打开IE浏览器,在菜单栏中点击“工具”,选择“Internet选项”,弹出“Internet属性”窗口。 2)在“Internet属性”窗口中,选择“安全”选项卡,点击“自定义级别”,弹出“安全设置”窗口。 3)拖动下拉滚动条,找到“ActiveX 控件和插件”,将其下所有的项都设置为“启用”。最后点击“确定”,更改完成。 三、安装点晴OA系统 安装指引: 1、将目录CS_Install完整解压到硬盘上; 2、双击运行cs_install.exe(点晴MIS企业管理系统 手工安装包),按提示即可完成安装。 四、登陆点晴MIS企业管理系统 局域网用户只要打开IE浏览器,在地址栏输入http服务器地址 ,即可进入“点晴MIS企业管理系统”登陆页面(服务器IP地址即在前面第二节第4点中所设IP地址)。 第一次用户登录名为 admin,密码为 123456 。进入后用户应立即在“点晴MIS系统-》设置”中更改用户登录名和密码。 最后,通知用户自行在首页申请开通用户,完成用户申请审批。
### 回答1: 2258h固件r1025a是一种固件版本,它可能是2258h型号设备的最新固件版本,即修复了前一版本中的一些已知问题并提供了性能优化。 固件是嵌入式系统的重要组成部分,主要负责控制硬件设备和实现特定功能。固件版本的更新通常是为了改进设备的稳定性、性能和安全性,以满足用户的需求。 通过升级到2258h固件r1025a,用户可以享受到更好的设备性能和功能。可能包括修复了一些软件漏洞,提高了设备的稳定性,增强了设备的安全性等。 升级固件的过程可能需要下载并安装版本r1025a的固件文件,然后根据设备的说明书或制造商的指示进行相应的操作步骤。 需要注意的是,固件升级过程可能存在风险,如果操作不当或固件文件损坏,可能会导致设备无法使用或其他问题。因此,在进行固件升级之前,应详细阅读相关文档,并确保备份重要数据,以防止意外情况发生。 综上所述,2258h固件r1025a是一种针对2258h型号设备的固件版本,通过升级可以带来更好的设备性能和功能,但在进行固件升级时要注意安全性和操作细节。 ### 回答2: 2258h固件是指用于某个设备的软件程序,其中的r1025a是该固件的版本号。 固件是指被嵌入在硬件设备中的软件程序,用于控制设备的运行和功能。2258h固件可以是用于某款特定设备的固件,比如路由器、电视、摄像头等等。 r1025a是该固件的版本号。版本号通常用来区分不同的软件版本,每个版本都会有不同的功能改进和 Bug 修复。在更新固件时,通常会按照版本号的升序进行更新。 对于使用2258h固件的设备用户来说,r1025a版本号可能表示这是2258h固件的第1025个修订版本,也可能代表该版本解决了一些之前版本的问题或者增加了新的功能。 因此,对于2258h固件r1025a,用户可能可以期待更稳定的设备性能、更好的功能支持或者一些问题的修复。然而,具体的改进内容需要参考设备制造商的说明文档或更新日志来了解。 ### 回答3: 2258h固件r1025a是指2258h型号的固件版本号为r1025a。固件是存储在硬件设备内部的一种软件程序,用来控制硬件设备的操作和功能。2258h是设备的型号,r1025a是该型号设备的固件的一个特定版本号。 固件的版本号通常用来标识固件的更新和改进。每个版本的固件可能会修复一些漏洞、添加新的功能或提升设备的性能。因此,知道固件的版本号对于了解设备的特性和确定是否需要升级固件是很重要的。 在说明中提到的2258h固件r1025a,可能是某个产品的固件版本号。这个固件可能包含一系列的修改和改进,以提高设备的性能、安全性和稳定性。为了确保设备能够正常运行,并且获得最佳的用户体验,可能需要定期检查固件的更新情况,并及时升级固件。 总之,2258h固件r1025a是指2258h型号设备的一个特定版本的固件,具体需要根据设备的实际情况来确定该固件的功能和特性。

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