写一个函数实现String类型转int（Momenta电话面试）

面试官要求：表述清楚，让我和看到代码一样

一开始听到题目以为挺简单的，后面说了自己的方案，然后面试官说少了很多异常处理，后面面试结束亲自看了一下源码，发现底层实现（String.valueOf()）加了很多异常处理。

1.函数传入参数需要转化的String str,以及字符串数字的进制数int radix

2.判断字符串是否为空

3.判断进制数是否超出进制数的最小范围（Java中Character.MIN_RADIX值为2，也就是二进制）

4.判断进制数是否超出进制数的最大范围（Java中Character.MAX_RADIX值为36，也就是三十六进制）

5.设置参数result(保存当前已转化位的结果)，negative(是否为负数)，i(当前在String中的索引位置，这里挺疑惑为什么不用index代替i，字义更加清晰)，len(字符串的长度)，limit(值为-Integer.MAX_VALUE，也就是最小值，后面还有个判断如果该数是负数，limit的值就为Integer.MIN_VALUE)，multmin(用来提前判断然后避免result*radix溢出)，digit(用来表示当前索引的字符经过进制转化之后的数字)

6.判断长度是否为零，为零的话退出

7.获取字符串首个字符并判断是否为是数字范围，不是的话判断是否是'-'，是'-'的话将negative设为true，limit设为Integer.MIN_VALUE；如果不是'-'的话，再判断是否是'+'，如果不是的话，抛出异常，是'+"的话，再判断长度是否为1，是的话抛出异常。不是的话i自加。

8.对字符串除首位外的字符进行遍历处理

9.每个索引的字符转成相应进制的数字(调用Character.digit())

10.如果转化后的数字小于0抛出异常

11.如果当前result(也就是已经转化好的部分)小于multmin，抛出异常

12.对result自乘radix，也就是将数字向左移位

13.然后判断result - digit的值是否会超出limit的范围，如果超出就抛出异常，没有超出就将result自减digit(默认全部当做负数处理，最后根据negative的值改变负号即可)

14.return negative? result:-result;

底层代码如下

 /**
     * Parses the string argument as a signed integer in the radix
     * specified by the second argument. The characters in the string
     * must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by
     * whether {@link java.lang.Character#digit(char, int)} returns a
     * nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an
     * ASCII minus sign {@code '-'} ({@code '\u005Cu002D'}) to
     * indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign {@code '+'}
     * ({@code '\u005Cu002B'}) to indicate a positive value. The
     * resulting integer value is returned.
     *
     * <p>An exception of type {@code NumberFormatException} is
     * thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
     * <ul>
     * <li>The first argument is {@code null} or is a string of
     * length zero.
     *
     * <li>The radix is either smaller than
     * {@link java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX} or
     * larger than {@link java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX}.
     *
     * <li>Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified
     * radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign
     * {@code '-'} ({@code '\u005Cu002D'}) or plus sign
     * {@code '+'} ({@code '\u005Cu002B'}) provided that the
     * string is longer than length 1.
     *
     * <li>The value represented by the string is not a value of type
     * {@code int}.
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>Examples:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * parseInt("0", 10) returns 0
     * parseInt("473", 10) returns 473
     * parseInt("+42", 10) returns 42
     * parseInt("-0", 10) returns 0
     * parseInt("-FF", 16) returns -255
     * parseInt("1100110", 2) returns 102
     * parseInt("2147483647", 10) returns 2147483647
     * parseInt("-2147483648", 10) returns -2147483648
     * parseInt("2147483648", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
     * parseInt("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException
     * parseInt("Kona", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
     * parseInt("Kona", 27) returns 411787
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @param      s   the {@code String} containing the integer
     *                  representation to be parsed
     * @param      radix   the radix to be used while parsing {@code s}.
     * @return     the integer represented by the string argument in the
     *             specified radix.
     * @exception  NumberFormatException if the {@code String}
     *             does not contain a parsable {@code int}.
     */
    public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
                throws NumberFormatException
    {
        /*
         * WARNING: This method may be invoked early during VM initialization
         * before IntegerCache is initialized. Care must be taken to not use
         * the valueOf method.
         */

        if (s == null) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("null");
        }

        if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
        }

        if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
            throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
                                            " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
        }

        int result = 0;
        boolean negative = false;
        int i = 0, len = s.length();
        int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        int multmin;
        int digit;

        if (len > 0) {
            char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
            if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading "+" or "-"
                if (firstChar == '-') {
                    negative = true;
                    limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
                } else if (firstChar != '+')
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);

                if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone "+" or "-"
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                i++;
            }
            multmin = limit / radix;
            while (i < len) {
                // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
                digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);
                if (digit < 0) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                if (result < multmin) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result *= radix;
                if (result < limit + digit) {
                    throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
                }
                result -= digit;
            }
        } else {
            throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
        }
        return negative ? result : -result;
    }