在C#中SendMessage和PostMessage的参数传递

在C#中可以使用Window API提供的SendMessage和PostMessage来传递参数。两者的区别简单介绍下：返回值的不同，我们先看一下 MSDN 里的声明：
LRESULT SendMessage(

HWND hWnd,

UINT Msg,

WPARAM wParam,

LPARAM lParam

);

BOOL PostMessage(

HWND hWnd,

UINT Msg,

WPARAM wParam,

LPARAM lParam

 
);

 

其中 4 个参数的意义是一样的，返回值类型不同（其实从数据上看他们一样是一个 32 位的数，只是意义不一样），LRESULT 表示的是消息被处理后的返回值，BOOL 表示的是消息是不是 Post 成功。

2、PostMessage 是异步的，SendMessage 是同步的。
PostMessage 只把消息放入队列，不管消息是否被处理就返回，消息可能不被处理；而 SendMessage 等待消息被处理完了之后才返回，如果消息不被处理，发送消息的线程将一直被阻塞。

3、如果在同一个线程内，SendMessage 发送消息时，由 USER32.DLL
模块调用目标窗口的消息处理程序，并将结果返回。SendMessage 在同一线程中发送消息并不入线程消息队列。PostMessage
发送消息时，消息要先放入线程的消息队列，然后通过消息循环分派到目标窗口（DispatchMessage）。

如果在不同线程内，SendMessage 发送消息到目标窗口所属线程的消息队列，然后发送消息的线程在 USER32.DLL
模块内监视和等待消息处理，直到目标窗口处理完返回。SendMessage 在返回前还做了很多工作，比如，响应别的线程向它
SendMessage。Post 到别的线程时，最好用 PostThreadMessage 代替
PostMessage，PostMessage 的 hWnd 参数可以是 NULL，等效于 PostThreadMessage +
GetCurrentThreadId。Post WM_QUIT 时，应使用 PostQuitMessage 代替。

4、系统只整编（marshal）系统消息（0 到 WM_USER 之间的消息），发送用户消息（WM_USER 以上）到别的进程时，需要自己做整编。

用 PostMessage、SendNotifyMessage、SendMessageCallback 等异步函数发送系统消息时，参数里不可以使用指针，因为发送者并不等待消息的处理就返回，接受者还没处理指针就已经被释放了。 5、在 Windows 2000/XP 里，每个消息队列最多只能存放 10,000 个 Post 的消息，超过的还没被处理的将不会被处理，直接丢掉。这个值可以改得更大：[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ Microsoft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/Windows] USERPostMessageLimit，最小可以是 4000。 PostMessage只负责将消息放到消息队列中，不确定何时及是否处理 SendMessage要等到受到消息处理的返回码（DWord类型）后才继续 PostMessage执行后马上返回 SendMessage必须等到消息被处理后才会返回。 下面通过一个小例子来说明下这2个方法进行参数传递的不同点：

//Win32 API 类

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace TestHwnd
{
    public class Win32API
    {
       

        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindowEx")]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindowEx(IntPtr hwndParent, IntPtr hwndChildAfter, string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);

        /// <summary>
        /// 自定义的结构
        /// </summary>
        public struct My_lParam
        {
            public int i;
            public string s;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 使用COPYDATASTRUCT来传递字符串
        /// </summary>
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
        {
            public IntPtr dwData;
            public int cbData;
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
            public string lpData;
        }
        //消息发送API
        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
        public static extern int SendMessage(
            IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
            int wParam,         // 参数1
            int lParam          //参数2
        );

       
        //消息发送API
        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
        public static extern int SendMessage(
            IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
            int wParam,         // 参数1
            ref My_lParam lParam //参数2
        );
       
        //消息发送API
        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
        public static extern int SendMessage(
            IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
            int wParam,         // 参数1
            ref  COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  //参数2
        );

        //消息发送API
        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
        public static extern int PostMessage(
            IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
            int wParam,         // 参数1
            int lParam            // 参数2
        );
       
       
       
        //消息发送API
        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
        public static extern int PostMessage(
            IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
            int wParam,         // 参数1
            ref My_lParam lParam //参数2
        );
       
        //异步消息发送API
        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "PostMessage")]
        public static extern int PostMessage(
            IntPtr hWnd,        // 信息发往的窗口的句柄
            int Msg,            // 消息ID
            int wParam,         // 参数1
            ref  COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  // 参数2
        );

    }
}

//主窗体，发送消息

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace TestHwnd
{
    public partial class Main : Form
    {

        public IntPtr hwndTest;
        public int IwndTest;
        public IntPtr hwndfrmTest;
       

        public Main()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Test test = new Test();
            test.Show(this);
        }

        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string strTest = "25425";
            Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
            cds.dwData = (IntPtr)100;
            cds.lpData = strTest;
            byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strTest);
            int len = sarr.Length;
            cds.cbData = len + 1;
           
            Win32API.My_lParam lp=new Win32API.My_lParam();
            lp.i=3;
            lp.s="test";
           
            if(hwndTest!=(IntPtr)0)
            {
                if (DateTime.Now.Second % 2 == 0)
                {
                    Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x60, 1, 3);//传递2个整型参数成功
                }
                if(DateTime.Now.Second % 3 == 0)
                {
                    Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x61, 5, ref lp);//传递整型参数和结构类型成功，这个方法加以改变后可以传递对象
                }
                if(DateTime.Now.Second % 5 == 0)
                {
                    Win32API.SendMessage(hwndTest, 0x62, 5, ref cds);//传递整型参数和不定长的字符串成功
                }
                if(DateTime.Now.Second % 7 == 0)
                {
                    Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x63, 5, 6);//传递2个整型参数成功
                }
                if(DateTime.Now.Second % 9 == 0)
                {
                    Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x64, 3, ref lp);//传递整型参数成功，但是传递参数lp失败，3可以传递成功。
                }
                if(DateTime.Now.Second % 11 == 0)
                {
                    Win32API.PostMessage(hwndTest, 0x65, 3, ref cds);//传递整型参数成功，传递参数cds失败，3可以传递成功。
                }
            }
           
           
        }
    }
}

 

//子窗体接收消息以及参数
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace TestHwnd
{
    public partial class Test : Form
    {
        Main main;
        public Test()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Test_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            main = this.Owner as Main;
            main.hwndTest = this.Handle;
           
        }

       

        ///重写窗体的消息处理函数DefWndProc，从中加入自己定义消息的检测的处理入口
        protected override void DefWndProc(ref Message m)
        {
            switch (m.Msg)
            {
                    //接收自定义消息MYMESSAGE，并显示其参数
                case 0x60:
                    {
                        label1.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + m.LParam.ToInt32().ToString();
                    }
                    break;
                case 0x61:
                    {
                        Win32API.My_lParam ml = new Win32API.My_lParam();
                        Type t = ml.GetType();
                        ml = (Win32API.My_lParam)m.GetLParam(t);
                        label2.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + ml.i.ToString()+":"+ml.s;
                    }
                    break;
                    case 0x62:
                    {
                        Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT();
                        Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
                        mystr = (Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
                        string str2 = mystr.lpData;
                        label3.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + str2;
                    }
                    break;
                    case 0x63:
                    {
                        label4.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + m.LParam.ToInt32().ToString();
                    }
                    break;
                    case 0x64:
                    {
                        Win32API.My_lParam ml = new Win32API.My_lParam();
                        Type t = ml.GetType();
                        ml = (Win32API.My_lParam)m.GetLParam(t);
                        label5.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + ml.i.ToString()+":"+ml.s;
                    }
                    break;
                    case 0x65:
                    {
                        Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT();
                        Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
                        mystr = (Win32API.COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
                        string str2 = mystr.lpData;
                        label6.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString() + "-" + m.WParam.ToInt32().ToString() + "-" + str2;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    base.DefWndProc(ref m);
                    break;
            }
        }

       
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            main.hwndTest = (IntPtr) (0);
            this.Close();
        }

    }
}