ref & out 关键字的区别

            //1) out parameters return compiler error if they are not assigned a value in the method. Not such with ref parameters.

            //2) out parameters need not be initialized before passing to the method, whereas ref parameters need to have an initial value before they are passed to a method.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { //The caller of a method which takes an out parameter is not required //to assign to the variable passed as the out parameter //prior to the call; however, //the callee is required to assign to the out parameter //before returning. static void SplitName(string fullName, out string firstName, out string lastName) { // NOTE: firstName and lastName have not been assigned to yet. Their values cannot be used. int spaceIndex = fullName.IndexOf(' '); firstName = fullName.Substring(0, spaceIndex).Trim(); lastName = fullName.Substring(spaceIndex).Trim(); } static object FindNext(object value, object[] data, ref int index) { // NOTE: index can be used here because it is a ref parameter while (index < data.Length) { if (data[index].Equals(value)) { return data[index]; } index += 1; } return null; } static void Main(string[] args) { //=======test out keywords============= //************************************* string myName = "Benny Xu"; string firtName; string lastName; // NOTE: firstName and lastName have not been assigned yet. Their values may not be used. SplitName(myName, out firtName, out lastName); // NOTE: firstName and lastName have been assigned, because the out parameter passing mode guarantees it. Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}",firtName,lastName); //One way to think of out parameters is that they are like additional //return values of a method. They are very convenient when a method //returns more than one value, in this example firstName and lastName. //Out parameters can be abused however. As a matter of good programming //style if you find yourself writing a method with many out parameters //then you should think about refactoring your code. One possible //solution is to package all the return values into a single struct. Console.WriteLine("test ref keywords****************"); //=======test ref keywords============= //************************************* object[] data = new object[] { 1,2,3,2,4,5,6}; int index=0 ;// = 0; while (FindNext(2, data, ref index) != null) { Console.WriteLine("Found at index {0}" ,index); index++; } //1) out parameters return compiler error if they are not assigned a value in the method. Not such with ref parameters. //2) out parameters need not be initialized before passing to the method, whereas ref parameters need to have an initial value before they are passed to a method. Console.ReadLine(); } } }