Resnet50的细节讲解
残差神经网络 (ResNet)也是需要掌握的模型，需要自己手动实现理解细节。本文就是对代码的细节讲解，话不多说，开始了。
首先你需要了解它的结构，本文以resnet50围绕讲解，网络的输入照片大小是224x224的经过conv1，conv2，conv3，conv4，conv5最后在平均池化，全连接层。由于中间有重复利用的模块，所以我们需要将它们写成一个类，用来重复调用即可。
Resnet之所以能够训练那么深的原因就是它的结构，在不断向后训练的过程中依旧保留浅层特征，我个人的理解，正常情况下经过一次又一次的卷积，浅层的特征逐渐消失，然而Resnet在向后训练的过程中不断的加上前面浅层的特征，这样更加丰富特征的全局性。
这张图就是我们需要写模块的根据，它们的区别是卷积层数目的不同，我们本文讲解resnet50，所以是以右边的版块为例。先看代码
class Block(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False):
super(Block, self).__init__()
filter1, filter2, filter3 = filters
self.is_1x1conv = is_1x1conv
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter1, kernel_size=1, stride=stride,bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter1),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv2 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter1, filter2, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter2),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv3 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter2, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3),
)
if is_1x1conv:
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3)
)
def forward(self, x):
x_shortcut = x
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
if self.is_1x1conv:
x_shortcut = self.shortcut(x_shortcut)
x = x + x_shortcut
x = self.relu(x)
return x
我们将其写成一个类，这样多次使用方便。
def __init__(self, in_channels, filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False):
in_channels是通道数，filter1, filter2, filter3 = filters这样写的原因是我们对应板块来写，一个板块进行了3次卷积。is_1x1conv=False 这个就是直接将浅层的特征图仅仅经历一次卷积的捷径，正常情况下应该是三次卷积。这里有一点细节就是我在写self.conv3 这个卷积的时候没有加上Relu（）函数，主要是这里需要判断这个板块是否激活了self.shortcut,只有加上这个之后才能一起Relu。
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=stride),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3)
这段代码就是特征图捷径，浅层特征图就经历一次卷积直接与进行三次卷积之后的特征图相加
def _make_layer(self, in_channels, filters, blocks, stride=1):
layers = []
block_1 = Block(in_channels, filters, stride=stride, is_1x1conv=True)
layers.append(block_1)
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(Block(filters[2], filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
写这个函数就是利用for循环多次使用重复的板块，这里也有一些细节
block_1 = Block(in_channels, filters, stride=stride, is_1x1conv=True)
layers.append(Block(filters[2], filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False))
每个板块的第一次卷积和后面的卷积stride的设置是不同的，主要是板块从conv3开始第一次就是进行stride=2的设定，这样经过这层卷积，特征图的大小变为原来的二分之一。
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),
nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
nn.ReLU(),
)
self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
self.conv2 = self._make_layer(64, (64, 64, 256), Layers[0])
self.conv3 = self._make_layer(256, (128, 128, 512), Layers[1], 2)
self.conv4 = self._make_layer(512, (256, 256, 1024), Layers[2], 2)
self.conv5 = self._make_layer(1024, (512, 512, 2048), Layers[3], 2)
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
self.fc = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(2048, 1000)
)
这便是整个resnet50的网络设置了，我在上一篇pytorch实现inception模型有讲到如何计算特征图经过卷积之后的大小。举个例子，输入的图像为224x224的，进过conv1 （224+2x3+1-7）/2 ,公式是（n+2xpadding+1-kernel）/stride.整个的特征图变化如下
self.conv2 = self._make_layer(64, (64, 64, 256), Layers[0])
Layer[0]是我之前提前设置好需要重复的次数。Layers = [3, 4, 6, 3]，整个的代码流程是这样的
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
Layers = [3, 4, 6, 3]
class Block(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False):
super(Block, self).__init__()
filter1, filter2, filter3 = filters
self.is_1x1conv = is_1x1conv
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter1, kernel_size=1, stride=stride,bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter1),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv2 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter1, filter2, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter2),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv3 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter2, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3),
)
if is_1x1conv:
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3)
)
def forward(self, x):
x_shortcut = x
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
if self.is_1x1conv:
x_shortcut = self.shortcut(x_shortcut)
x = x + x_shortcut
x = self.relu(x)
return x
class Resnet50(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Resnet50,self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),
nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
nn.ReLU(),
)
self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
self.conv2 = self._make_layer(64, (64, 64, 256), Layers[0])
self.conv3 = self._make_layer(256, (128, 128, 512), Layers[1], 2)
self.conv4 = self._make_layer(512, (256, 256, 1024), Layers[2], 2)
self.conv5 = self._make_layer(1024, (512, 512, 2048), Layers[3], 2)
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
self.fc = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(2048, 1000)
)
def forward(self, input):
x = self.conv1(input)
x = self.maxpool(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
x = self.conv4(x)
x = self.conv5(x)
x = self.avgpool(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
x = self.fc(x)
return x
def _make_layer(self, in_channels, filters, blocks, stride=1):
layers = []
block_1 = Block(in_channels, filters, stride=stride, is_1x1conv=True)
layers.append(block_1)
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(Block(filters[2], filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
net = Resnet50()
x = torch.rand((10, 3, 224, 224))
for name,layer in net.named_children():
if name != "fc":
x = layer(x)
print(name, 'output shaoe:', x.shape)
else:
x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
x = layer(x)
print(name, 'output shaoe:', x.shape)
训练效果
可以看出明显过拟合了，因为数据集的数量太小，resnet50的框架比较大，这里为了方便训练，所以还是使用的cifar 10分类数据集
训练代码 可直接运行resnet50网络
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
Layers = [3, 4, 6, 3]
class Block(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False):
super(Block, self).__init__()
filter1, filter2, filter3 = filters
self.is_1x1conv = is_1x1conv
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter1, kernel_size=1, stride=stride,bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter1),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv2 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter1, filter2, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter2),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv3 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter2, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3),
)
if is_1x1conv:
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3)
)
def forward(self, x):
x_shortcut = x
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
if self.is_1x1conv:
x_shortcut = self.shortcut(x_shortcut)
x = x + x_shortcut
x = self.relu(x)
return x
class Resnet50(nn.Module):
def __init__(self ,num_classes):
super(Resnet50,self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),
nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
nn.ReLU(),
)
self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
self.conv2 = self._make_layer(64, (64, 64, 256), Layers[0])
self.conv3 = self._make_layer(256, (128, 128, 512), Layers[1], 2)
self.conv4 = self._make_layer(512, (256, 256, 1024), Layers[2], 2)
self.conv5 = self._make_layer(1024, (512, 512, 2048), Layers[3], 2)
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
self.fc = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(2048, num_classes)
)
def forward(self, input):
x = self.conv1(input)
x = self.maxpool(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
x = self.conv4(x)
x = self.conv5(x)
x = self.avgpool(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
x = self.fc(x)
return x
def _make_layer(self, in_channels, filters, blocks, stride=1):
layers = []
block_1 = Block(in_channels, filters, stride=stride, is_1x1conv=True)
layers.append(block_1)
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(Block(filters[2], filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
import time
import torch
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def load_dataset(batch_size):
train_set = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
root="data/cifar-10", train=True,
download=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor()
)
test_set = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
root="data/cifar-10", train=False,
download=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor()
)
train_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
train_set, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=4
)
test_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
test_set, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=4
)
return train_iter, test_iter
def train(net, train_iter, criterion, optimizer, num_epochs, device, num_print, lr_scheduler=None, test_iter=None):
net.train()
record_train = list()
record_test = list()
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
print("========== epoch: [{}/{}] ==========".format(epoch + 1, num_epochs))
total, correct, train_loss = 0, 0, 0
start = time.time()
for i, (X, y) in enumerate(train_iter):
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
output = net(X)
loss = criterion(output, y)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
train_loss += loss.item()
total += y.size(0)
correct += (output.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
train_acc = 100.0 * correct / total
if (i + 1) % num_print == 0:
print("step: [{}/{}], train_loss: {:.3f} | train_acc: {:6.3f}% | lr: {:.6f}" \
.format(i + 1, len(train_iter), train_loss / (i + 1), \
train_acc, get_cur_lr(optimizer)))
if lr_scheduler is not None:
lr_scheduler.step()
print("--- cost time: {:.4f}s ---".format(time.time() - start))
if test_iter is not None:
record_test.append(test(net, test_iter, criterion, device))
record_train.append(train_acc)
return record_train, record_test
def test(net, test_iter, criterion, device):
total, correct = 0, 0
net.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
print("*************** test ***************")
for X, y in test_iter:
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
output = net(X)
loss = criterion(output, y)
total += y.size(0)
correct += (output.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
test_acc = 100.0 * correct / total
print("test_loss: {:.3f} | test_acc: {:6.3f}%"\
.format(loss.item(), test_acc))
print("************************************\n")
net.train()
return test_acc
def get_cur_lr(optimizer):
for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
return param_group['lr']
def learning_curve(record_train, record_test=None):
plt.style.use("ggplot")
plt.plot(range(1, len(record_train) + 1), record_train, label="train acc")
if record_test is not None:
plt.plot(range(1, len(record_test) + 1), record_test, label="test acc")
plt.legend(loc=4)
plt.title("learning curve")
plt.xticks(range(0, len(record_train) + 1, 5))
plt.yticks(range(0, 101, 5))
plt.xlabel("epoch")
plt.ylabel("accuracy")
plt.show()
import torch.optim as optim
BATCH_SIZE = 128
NUM_EPOCHS = 20
NUM_CLASSES = 10
LEARNING_RATE = 0.02
MOMENTUM = 0.9
WEIGHT_DECAY = 0.0005
NUM_PRINT = 100
DEVICE = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
def main():
net = Resnet50(num_classes=NUM_CLASSES)
net = net.to(DEVICE)
train_iter, test_iter = load_dataset(BATCH_SIZE)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(
net.parameters(),
lr=LEARNING_RATE,
momentum=MOMENTUM,
weight_decay=WEIGHT_DECAY,
nesterov=True
)
lr_scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=7, gamma=0.1)
record_train, record_test = train(net, train_iter, criterion, optimizer, \
NUM_EPOCHS, DEVICE, NUM_PRINT, lr_scheduler, test_iter)
learning_curve(record_train, record_test)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
分布式训练代码
终端运行指令
python -m torch.distributed.launch --nproc_per_node=2 test2.py
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import argparse
import torch.distributed as dist #1. DDP相关包
import torch.utils.data.distributed
Layers = [3, 4, 6, 3]
class Block(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_channels, filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False):
super(Block, self).__init__()
filter1, filter2, filter3 = filters
self.is_1x1conv = is_1x1conv
self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter1, kernel_size=1, stride=stride,bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter1),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv2 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter1, filter2, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter2),
nn.ReLU()
)
self.conv3 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(filter2, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=1, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3),
)
if is_1x1conv:
self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, filter3, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
nn.BatchNorm2d(filter3)
)
def forward(self, x):
x_shortcut = x
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
if self.is_1x1conv:
x_shortcut = self.shortcut(x_shortcut)
x = x + x_shortcut
x = self.relu(x)
return x
class Resnet50(nn.Module):
def __init__(self ,num_classes):
super(Resnet50,self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),
nn.BatchNorm2d(64),
nn.ReLU(),
)
self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
self.conv2 = self._make_layer(64, (64, 64, 256), Layers[0])
self.conv3 = self._make_layer(256, (128, 128, 512), Layers[1], 2)
self.conv4 = self._make_layer(512, (256, 256, 1024), Layers[2], 2)
self.conv5 = self._make_layer(1024, (512, 512, 2048), Layers[3], 2)
self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
self.fc = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(2048, num_classes)
)
def forward(self, input):
x = self.conv1(input)
x = self.maxpool(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.conv3(x)
x = self.conv4(x)
x = self.conv5(x)
x = self.avgpool(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
x = self.fc(x)
return x
def _make_layer(self, in_channels, filters, blocks, stride=1):
layers = []
block_1 = Block(in_channels, filters, stride=stride, is_1x1conv=True)
layers.append(block_1)
for i in range(1, blocks):
layers.append(Block(filters[2], filters, stride=1, is_1x1conv=False))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
import time
import torch
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
from torch.utils.data.distributed import DistributedSampler
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
os.environ["CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES"] = "0,1"
def load_dataset(batch_size,opt):
train_set = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
root="data/cifar-10", train=True,
download=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor()
)
train_sampler = torch.utils.data.distributed.DistributedSampler(train_set, shuffle=True,)
train_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
train_set, batch_size=batch_size, num_workers=4, sampler=train_sampler
)
test_set = torchvision.datasets.CIFAR10(
root="data/cifar-10", train=False,
download=True, transform=transforms.ToTensor()
)
test_iter = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
test_set, batch_size=batch_size, num_workers=4
)
return train_iter, test_iter
def train(net, train_iter, criterion, optimizer, num_epochs, device, num_print, lr_scheduler=None, test_iter=None, opt=None):
net.train()
record_train = list()
record_test = list()
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
if opt.local_rank != -1:
train_iter.sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
print("========== epoch: [{}/{}] ==========".format(epoch + 1, num_epochs))
total, correct, train_loss = 0, 0, 0
start = time.time()
for i, (X, y) in enumerate(train_iter):
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = net(X)
loss = criterion(output, y)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
train_loss += loss.item()
total += y.size(0)
correct += (output.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
train_acc = 100.0 * correct / total
if opt.local_rank in [-1, 0] and (i + 1) % num_print == 0:
print("step: [{}/{}], train_loss: {:.3f} | train_acc: {:6.3f}% | lr: {:.6f}" \
.format(i + 1, len(train_iter), train_loss / (i + 1), \
train_acc, get_cur_lr(optimizer)))
if lr_scheduler is not None:
lr_scheduler.step()
print("--- cost time: {:.4f}s ---".format(time.time() - start))
if opt.local_rank in [-1, 0] and test_iter is not None:
record_test.append(test(net, test_iter, device, criterion))
record_train.append(train_acc)
return record_train, record_test
def test(net, test_iter, device,criterion):
total, correct = 0, 0
net.eval()
with torch.no_grad():
print("*************** test ***************")
for X, y in test_iter:
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
output = net(X)
loss = criterion(output, y)
total += y.size(0)
correct += (output.argmax(dim=1) == y).sum().item()
test_acc = 100.0 * correct / total
print("test_loss: {:.3f} | test_acc: {:6.3f}%"\
.format(loss.item(), test_acc))
print("************************************\n")
net.train()
return test_acc
def get_cur_lr(optimizer):
for param_group in optimizer.param_groups:
return param_group['lr']
def learning_curve(record_train, record_test=None):
plt.style.use("ggplot")
plt.plot(range(1, len(record_train) + 1), record_train, label="train acc")
if record_test is not None:
plt.plot(range(1, len(record_test) + 1), record_test, label="test acc")
plt.legend(loc=4)
plt.title("learning curve")
plt.xticks(range(0, len(record_train) + 1, 5))
plt.yticks(range(0, 101, 5))
plt.xlabel("epoch")
plt.ylabel("accuracy")
plt.show()
import torch.optim as optim
BATCH_SIZE = 256
NUM_EPOCHS = 20
NUM_CLASSES = 10
LEARNING_RATE = 0.02
MOMENTUM = 0.9
WEIGHT_DECAY = 0.0005
NUM_PRINT = 40
def main(opt):
dist.init_process_group(backend='nccl', init_method=opt.init_method)
device = torch.device('cuda', opt.local_rank if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
print("Using device:{}\n".format(device))
train_iter, test_iter= load_dataset(BATCH_SIZE,opt)
net = Resnet50(num_classes=NUM_CLASSES)
net = net.to(device)
net = torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel(net, device_ids=[opt.local_rank], output_device=opt.local_rank) #7. 将模型包装成分布式
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(
net.parameters(),
lr=LEARNING_RATE,
momentum=MOMENTUM,
weight_decay=WEIGHT_DECAY,
nesterov=True
)
lr_scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=7, gamma=0.1)
record_train, record_test = train(net, train_iter, criterion, optimizer, \
NUM_EPOCHS, device, NUM_PRINT, lr_scheduler, test_iter,opt)
learning_curve(record_train, record_test)
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('DDP training script.')
parser.add_argument('--local_rank', type=int, default=-1, help='local_rank of current process') #2. 指定local_rank，这个参数必须要有
parser.add_argument('--init_method', default='env://') #3.指定初始化方式，这里用的是环境变量的初始化方式
opt = parser.parse_args()
if opt.local_rank in [-1, 0]:
print("opt:", opt)
main(opt)
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