摘要
cutmix和mixup是一种比较重要的数据增强手段，普通的数据增强也只是在照片上修改，增强了对网络提取特征图的能力，cutmix这种就是混合label，增强了fc的学习能力。
cutmix的思想，
只要是用过二张照片，随机的截取一部分，然后换位置，导致label也发生变化。
本来有四种花，我放上去的图片是二个换位置比较明显的图片，照片对应发生改变，label也改变了，变成了有小数的，这里大家可能有疑问。我这里是在线下做的测试，在实际我们运行程序的过程中，原本分类的label的1确实会变成小数，但是位置没有变化，因为1代表的是下标，下标不为0的就是分类想要预测的结果，及时是小数，下标还在原来的位置，所以分类的label还是没有变化的。
读取照片
第一步就是将一个文件夹下的照片读取出来，模仿dataloader这个批次的加载。保证你的 data下有四张以上的照片，大小必须一致。
import glob
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [10,10]
import cv2
# Path to data
data_folder = f"./data/"
# Read filenames in the data folder
filenames = glob.glob(f"{data_folder}*.jpg")
# Read first 10 filenames
image_paths = filenames[:4]
# Display a sample image
# plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(image_paths[0]), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)); plt.show();
image_batch = []
image_batch_labels = []
n_images = 4
print(image_paths)
for i in range(4):
image = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(image_paths[i]), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
image_batch.append(image)
image_batch_labels=np.array([[1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1]])
for i in range(2):
for j in range(2):
plt.subplot(2,2,2*i+j+1)
plt.imshow(image_batch[2*i+j])
plt.show()
c=image_batch[0]
print(c.shape)
这里我输出了shape，是（500,500,3）但是有4张照片，所以应该是（4,500,500,3）的shape，和dataloader还是不一样的。这里我只是测试。
随机截取
这里的截取只要不超过边界就行，很容易看懂
def rand_bbox(size, lamb):
W = size[0]
H = size[1]
cut_rat = np.sqrt(1. - lamb)
cut_w = np.int(W * cut_rat)
cut_h = np.int(H * cut_rat)
# uniform
cx = np.random.randint(W)
cy = np.random.randint(H)
bbx1 = np.clip(cx - cut_w // 2, 0, W)
bby1 = np.clip(cy - cut_h // 2, 0, H)
bbx2 = np.clip(cx + cut_w // 2, 0, W)
bby2 = np.clip(cy + cut_h // 2, 0, H)
return bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2
换位置
lam = np.random.beta(beta, beta)
rand_index = np.random.permutation(len(image_batch)) #产生一个换位置的索引【1,0，2,3】
target_a = image_batch_labels
target_b = np.array(image_batch_labels)[rand_index]
print('img.shape',image_batch[0].shape)
bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2 = rand_bbox(image_batch[0].shape, lam)
print('bbx1',bbx1)
print('bby1',bby1)
print('bbx2',bbx2)
print('bby1',bby1)
image_batch_updated = image_batch.copy() #前面都是list形式，所以切片操作必须是array
image_batch_updated=np.array(image_batch_updated)
image_batch=np.array(image_batch)
image_batch_updated[:, bbx1:bby1, bbx2:bby2, :] = image_batch[rand_index, bbx1:bby1, bbx2:bby2, :]
# adjust lambda to exactly match pixel ratio
lam = 1 - ((bbx2 - bbx1) * (bby2 - bby1) / (image_batch.shape[1] * image_batch.shape[2])) #label对应也要改变
label = target_a * lam + target_b * (1. - lam)
全部代码
import glob
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = [10,10]
import cv2
# Path to data
data_folder = f"./data/"
# Read filenames in the data folder
filenames = glob.glob(f"{data_folder}*.jpg")
# Read first 10 filenames
image_paths = filenames[:4]
# Display a sample image
# plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(image_paths[0]), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)); plt.show();
image_batch = []
image_batch_labels = []
n_images = 4
print(image_paths)
for i in range(4):
image = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(image_paths[i]), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
image_batch.append(image)
image_batch_labels=np.array([[1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,1,0],[0,0,0,1]])
# for i in range(2):
# for j in range(2):
# plt.subplot(2,2,2*i+j+1)
# plt.imshow(image_batch[2*i+j])
# plt.show()
def rand_bbox(size, lamb):
W = size[0]
H = size[1]
cut_rat = np.sqrt(1. - lamb)
cut_w = np.int(W * cut_rat)
cut_h = np.int(H * cut_rat)
# uniform
cx = np.random.randint(W)
cy = np.random.randint(H)
bbx1 = np.clip(cx - cut_w // 2, 0, W)
bby1 = np.clip(cy - cut_h // 2, 0, H)
bbx2 = np.clip(cx + cut_w // 2, 0, W)
bby2 = np.clip(cy + cut_h // 2, 0, H)
return bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2
image = cv2.cvtColor(cv2.imread(image_paths[0]), cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
# Crop a random bounding box
lamb = 0.3
size = image.shape
print('size',size)
# bbox = rand_bbox(size, lamb)
# # Draw bounding box on the image
# im = image.copy()
# x1 = bbox[0]
# y1 = bbox[1]
# x2 = bbox[2]
# y2 = bbox[3]
# cv2.rectangle(im, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (255, 0, 0), 3)
# plt.imshow(im);
# plt.title('Original image with random bounding box')
# plt.show();
# Show cropped image
# plt.imshow(image[y1:y2, x1:x2]);
# plt.title('Cropped image')
# plt.show()
def generate_cutmix_image(image_batch, image_batch_labels, beta):
# generate mixed sample
lam = np.random.beta(beta, beta)
rand_index = np.random.permutation(len(image_batch))
target_a = image_batch_labels
target_b = np.array(image_batch_labels)[rand_index]
print('img.shape',image_batch[0].shape)
bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2 = rand_bbox(image_batch[0].shape, lam)
print('bbx1',bbx1)
print('bby1',bby1)
print('bbx2',bbx2)
print('bby1',bby1)
image_batch_updated = image_batch.copy()
image_batch_updated=np.array(image_batch_updated)
image_batch=np.array(image_batch)
image_batch_updated[:, bbx1:bby1, bbx2:bby2, :] = image_batch[rand_index, bbx1:bby1, bbx2:bby2, :]
# adjust lambda to exactly match pixel ratio
lam = 1 - ((bbx2 - bbx1) * (bby2 - bby1) / (image_batch.shape[1] * image_batch.shape[2]))
label = target_a * lam + target_b * (1. - lam)
return image_batch_updated, label
# image_batch=np.array(image_batch)
# image_batch_updated = image_batch.copy()
# c=[1,0,2,3]
# mm=np.array(image_batch_updated)
# mm[:, 10:200, 10:200, :] = image_batch[c, 10:200, 10:200, :]
# Generate CutMix image
# Let's use the first image of the batch as the input image to be augmented
input_image = image_batch[0]
image_batch_updated, image_batch_labels_updated = generate_cutmix_image(image_batch, image_batch_labels, 1.0)
# Show original images
print("Original Images")
for i in range(2):
for j in range(2):
plt.subplot(2,2,2*i+j+1)
plt.imshow(image_batch[2*i+j])
plt.show()
# Show CutMix images
print("CutMix Images")
for i in range(2):
for j in range(2):
plt.subplot(2,2,2*i+j+1)
plt.imshow(image_batch_updated[2*i+j])
plt.show()
# Print labels
print('Original labels:')
print(image_batch_labels)
print('Updated labels')
print(image_batch_labels_updated)
我写的这种是方便大家观看，跟直接在pytorch模型里的代码修改还是有点差距的，
线上的我还未测试，大家可以按照下面的代码对比操作一下。
pytorch使用
def rand_bbox(size, lam):
W = size[2]
H = size[3]
cut_rat = np.sqrt(1. - lam)
cut_w = np.int(W * cut_rat)
cut_h = np.int(H * cut_rat)
# uniform
cx = np.random.randint(W)
cy = np.random.randint(H)
bbx1 = np.clip(cx - cut_w // 2, 0, W)
bby1 = np.clip(cy - cut_h // 2, 0, H)
bbx2 = np.clip(cx + cut_w // 2, 0, W)
bby2 = np.clip(cy + cut_h // 2, 0, H)
return bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2
def cutmix(data, targets1, targets2, targets3, alpha):
indices = torch.randperm(data.size(0))
shuffled_data = data[indices]
shuffled_targets1 = targets1[indices]
shuffled_targets2 = targets2[indices]
shuffled_targets3 = targets3[indices]
lam = np.random.beta(alpha, alpha)
bbx1, bby1, bbx2, bby2 = rand_bbox(data.size(), lam)
data[:, :, bbx1:bbx2, bby1:bby2] = data[indices, :, bbx1:bbx2, bby1:bby2]
# adjust lambda to exactly match pixel ratio
lam = 1 - ((bbx2 - bbx1) * (bby2 - bby1) / (data.size()[-1] * data.size()[-2]))
targets = [targets1, shuffled_targets1, targets2, shuffled_targets2, targets3, shuffled_targets3, lam]
return data, targets
def mixup(data, targets1, targets2, targets3, alpha):
indices = torch.randperm(data.size(0))
shuffled_data = data[indices]
shuffled_targets1 = targets1[indices]
shuffled_targets2 = targets2[indices]
shuffled_targets3 = targets3[indices]
lam = np.random.beta(alpha, alpha)
data = data * lam + shuffled_data * (1 - lam)
targets = [targets1, shuffled_targets1, targets2, shuffled_targets2, targets3, shuffled_targets3, lam]
return data, targets
def cutmix_criterion(preds1,preds2,preds3, targets):
targets1, targets2,targets3, targets4,targets5, targets6, lam = targets[0], targets[1], targets[2], targets[3], targets[4], targets[5], targets[6]
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction='mean')
return lam * criterion(preds1, targets1) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds1, targets2) + lam * criterion(preds2, targets3) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds2, targets4) + lam * criterion(preds3, targets5) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds3, targets6)
def mixup_criterion(preds1,preds2,preds3, targets):
targets1, targets2,targets3, targets4,targets5, targets6, lam = targets[0], targets[1], targets[2], targets[3], targets[4], targets[5], targets[6]
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(reduction='mean')
return lam * criterion(preds1, targets1) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds1, targets2) + lam * criterion(preds2, targets3) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds2, targets4) + lam * criterion(preds3, targets5) + (1 - lam) * criterion(preds3, targets6)
for i, (image_id, images, label1, label2, label3) in enumerate(data_loader_train):
images = images.to(device)
label1 = label1.to(device)
label2 = label2.to(device)
label3 = label3.to(device)
# print (image_id, label1, label2, label3)
if np.random.rand()<0.5:
images, targets = mixup(images, label1, label2, label3, 0.4)
output1, output2, output3 = model(images)
loss = mixup_criterion(output1,output2,output3, targets)
else:
images, targets = cutmix(images, label1, label2, label3, 0.4)
output1, output2, output3 = model(images)
loss = cutmix_criterion(output1,output2,output3, targets)
总结
github也有完整版的修改，可以去搜索测试一下，这种特殊的数据增强对分类修改还是比较容易的，目标检测中基本都是不考虑label，只是组合新照片。
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