leetcode question 18: 4Sum

问题：

Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c, and d in S such that a + b + c + d = target? Find all unique quadruplets in the array which gives the sum of target.

Note: The solution set must not contain duplicate quadruplets.

For example, given array S = [1, 0, -1, 0, -2, 2], and target = 0.

A solution set is:
[
  [-1,  0, 0, 1],
  [-2, -1, 1, 2],
  [-2,  0, 0, 2]
]

分析：

这道题的可以说是3Sum的变体，我是在那道题的基础上做的。也是采用了最简单粗暴的遍历，选出一个数a，然后求剩下三个数的和为target-a，这就变成了3Sum问题了。下面是代码：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> fourSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        vector<vector<int>> res;
        sort(nums.begin(),nums.end());
        
        for(int i = 0 ; i < nums.size() ; ++i ){
            if( i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1] ){
                continue;
            }
            
            int target2 = target - nums[i];
            
            for( int j = i+1 ; j < nums.size() ; j++ ){
                if( j > i + 1 && nums[j] == nums[j-1] ){
                    continue;
                }
                
                int k = j + 1 , x = nums.size() - 1;
                while( k < x ){
                    if( nums[j] + nums[k] + nums[x] == target2 ){
                        res.push_back({nums[i],nums[j],nums[k],nums[x]});
                        while( k < x && nums[k+1] == nums[k] ) { k++; }
                        while( k < x && nums[x-1] == nums[x] ) { x--; }
                        k++;
                        x--;
                    }else if( nums[j] + nums[k] + nums[x] < target2 ){
                        k++;
                    }else {
                        x--;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        return res;
    }
};