C++通过实现String类描述运算符重载和临时字符串对象调用c_str方法带来的隐藏问题

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class String
{
public:
	String()
	{
		//cout << "无参构造函数" << endl;
		m_psz = NULL;
		m_length = 0;
	}

	String(const char* psz)
	{
		cout << "有参构造函数" << endl;
		if (psz)
		{
			m_length = strlen(psz);
			m_psz = new char[m_length + 1];
			strcpy(m_psz, psz);
		}
	}

	String(String& str)
	{
		cout << "拷贝构造函数" << endl;
		m_length = str.m_length;
		if (str.m_psz)
		{
			m_psz = new char[m_length + 1];
			strcpy(m_psz, str.m_psz);
		}
		else
			m_psz = NULL;
	}

	~String()
	{
		printf("析构函数被调用，m_psz的地址为%p\n", m_psz);
		if (m_psz)
			delete[]m_psz;
	}

	//必须返回一个新的对象
	String operator+(String& str)
	{
		//cout << "+重载函数,String&" << endl;
		if (str.m_psz)
		{
			String tmp;
			tmp.m_length = str.m_length;
			tmp.m_psz = new char[tmp.m_length + 1];
			strcpy(tmp.m_psz, str.m_psz);
			return tmp;
		}
		else
			return *this;
	}

	//必须返回一个新的对象
	String operator+(char* psz)
	{
		//cout << "+重载函数,char*" << endl;
		if (psz)
		{
			int len = m_length + strlen(psz);
			char* tmp = new char[len + 1];
			tmp[len] = 0;
			strcpy(tmp, m_psz);
			strcat(tmp, psz);
			String str = tmp;//调用有参构造函数
			delete []tmp;
			return str;
		}
		else
			return *this;
	}

	//因为是cout调用，所以不能是类成员函数；由于要访问类的私有成员，所以声明为友元
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& obj, String& str);

	//赋值运算符
	String& operator=(String& str)
	{
		//cout << "=重载函数,String&" << endl;
		if (m_psz)
		{
			delete []m_psz;
			m_length = 0;
		}
		if (str.m_psz)
		{
			m_length = str.m_length;
			m_psz = new char[m_length + 1];
			strcpy(m_psz, str.m_psz);
		}
		return *this;
	}

	//赋值运算符
	String& operator=(char* psz)
	{
		//cout << "=重载函数,char*" << endl;
		if (m_psz)
		{
			delete []m_psz;
			m_length = strlen(psz);
			m_psz = new char[m_length + 1];
			strcpy(m_psz, psz);
		}
		return *this;
	}

	//还可以继续重载比较运算符
	//...

	char* c_str()
	{
		return m_psz;
	}

	int length()
	{
		return m_length;
	}


private:
	char* m_psz;
	int m_length;
};

ostream& operator<<(ostream& obj, String& str)
{
	printf("%s",str.m_psz);
	return obj;
}

class TestClass
{
public:
	String f1()
	{
		String s = "hello";
		return s;
	}
};

int main()
{
	TestClass tc;
	char* psz = tc.f1().c_str();
	printf("psz地址为%p\n", psz);
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

VC++运行结果