设计模式——备忘录模式

备忘录模式原理类图：

package memento;

public class Originator {
/*originator:需要保存状态的对象*/
	private String state;//状态信息

	public String getState() {
		return state;
	}

	public void setState(String state) {
		this.state = state;
	}

	public Originator() {

	}

	public Originator(String state) {
		this.state = state;
	}
	
	//编写一个方法，可以保存一个状态对象Memento
	public Memento saveMemento() {
		return new Memento(state);
	}
	
	//通过备忘录对象，恢复状态
	public void getStateFromMemento(Memento memento) {
		state=memento.getState();
	}
	
}

package memento;

public class Memento {
//Memento：备忘录对象，负责保存好记录，即Originator内部状态
	private String state;
	
	public String getState() {
		return state;
	}

	public void setState(String state) {
		this.state = state;
	}

	public Memento(String state) {
		this.state = state;
	}
	
}

package memento;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/*Caretaker：守护者对象，负责保存多个备忘录对象，
 * 使用集合管理，提高效率
 * 如果需要保存多个Originator对象的不同时间状态，可以用HashMap<String,集合>*/
public class CareTaker {
	//在list集合中，会有很多Memento对象
	private List<Memento> mementoList=new ArrayList<Memento>();
	
	public void add(Memento memento) {
		mementoList.add(memento);
	}
	//获取到第index个Originator的备忘录对象，即保存状态
	public Memento get(int index) {
		return mementoList.get(index);
	}
}

package memento;

public class Client {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Originator originator=new Originator();
		CareTaker careTaker=new CareTaker();
		
		originator.setState("state1");
		//保存了当前状态
		careTaker.add(originator.saveMemento());
		
		originator.setState("state2");
		careTaker.add(originator.saveMemento());
		
		originator.setState("state3");
		careTaker.add(originator.saveMemento());
		
		System.out.println("当前状态为："+originator.getState());
		
		//希望得到状态1，并将originator恢复到状态1
		originator.getStateFromMemento(careTaker.get(0));
		System.out.println("恢复到状态1，当前状态为："+originator.getState());
	}
}

象棋悔棋的备忘录实现：

package memento_chess;
//象棋类
public class Chess {
	private String name;
	private int x;
	private int y;
	
	public ChessMemento createMemento() {
		return new ChessMemento(name,x,y);
	}
	
	public Chess(String name, int x, int y) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}
	public Chess() {
		
	}
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getX() {
		return x;
	}
	public void setX(int x) {
		this.x = x;
	}
	public int getY() {
		return y;
	}
	public void setY(int y) {
		this.y = y;
	}
	public void setMemento(ChessMemento chessMemento) {
		if(chessMemento==null)return;
		this.name=chessMemento.getName();
		this.x=chessMemento.getX();
		this.y=chessMemento.getY();
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Chessman [name=" + name + ", x=" + x + ", y=" + y + "]";
	}
	
}

package memento_chess;
//象棋备忘录，用于悔棋，保存了象棋的信息
public class ChessMemento {

	private String name;
	private int x;
	private int y;
	
	public ChessMemento(String name, int x, int y) {
		this.name = name;
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}
	public ChessMemento() {
		
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getX() {
		return x;
	}
	public void setX(int x) {
		this.x = x;
	}
	public int getY() {
		return y;
	}
	public void setY(int y) {
		this.y = y;
	}

}

package memento_chess;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//管理备忘录
public class MementoCareTaker {

		private List<ChessMemento> mementoList=new ArrayList<ChessMemento>();
		
		public void add(ChessMemento memento) {
			mementoList.add(memento);
		}
		//获取到第index-2(index是从0开始，悔棋一步index-2)个Chess的备忘录对象，即悔棋
		public ChessMemento huiQi() {
			int index=mementoList.size();
			ChessMemento c=mementoList.get(index-2);
			mementoList.remove(index-2);
			return c;
		}
		
}

package memento_chess;

public class Client {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		MementoCareTaker careTaker=new MementoCareTaker();
		Chess chess=new Chess();
		
		chess.setName("炮2");
		chess.setX(5);
		chess.setY(2);
		System.out.println("象棋的初始状态为："+chess);
		careTaker.add(chess.createMemento());
		
		chess.setName("马2");
		chess.setX(8);
		chess.setY(2);
		System.out.println("象棋的当前状态为："+chess);
		careTaker.add(chess.createMemento());
		
		chess.setName("兵2");
		chess.setX(2);
		chess.setY(4);
		System.out.println("象棋的当前状态为："+chess);
		careTaker.add(chess.createMemento());
		
		System.out.println("悔棋");
		chess.setMemento(careTaker.huiQi());
		System.out.println(chess);
	}

}