Java -- JNI提供的操作接口

Java -- JNI提供的操作接口

 

我们知道一个JNI本地方法的头两个参数是有限制的。第一个参数一定是一个JNI接口指针对象JNIEnv *env；第二个参数则根据在Java中声明的native方法是否为静态而略有不同。如果Java代码中声明的native方法是非静态的，则第二个参数是一个代表当前Java对象的引用；如果是声明是静态的，则第二个参数是指向当前类的引用。除去这两个特殊的参数外，剩余的参数都跟Java声明中的参数对应，不过要转换成JNI中的对应类型，这在之前有过讲述。下面是一个简单的JNI使用示例：

package pkg;  

class Cls { 

     native double f(int i, String s); 

     ... 

} 

The C function with the long mangled name Java_pkg_Cls_f_ILjava_lang_String_2 implements native method f:

Code Example 2-1 Implementing a Native Method Using C
jdouble Java_pkg_Cls_f__ILjava_lang_String_2 (
     JNIEnv *env,        /* interface pointer */
     jobject obj,        /* "this" pointer */
     jint i,             /* argument #1 */
     jstring s)          /* argument #2 */
{
     /* Obtain a C-copy of the Java string */
     const char *str = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, s, 0);

     /* process the string */
     ...

     /* Now we are done with str */
     (*env)->ReleaseStringUTFChars(env, s, str);

     return ...
}

Note that we always manipulate Java objects using the interface pointer env . Using C++, you can write a slightly cleaner version of the code, as shown in Code Example 2-2:

Code Example 2-2 Implementing a Native Method Using C++

extern "C" /* specify the C calling convention */  

jdouble Java_pkg_Cls_f__ILjava_lang_String_2 ( 

     JNIEnv *env,        /* interface pointer */ 

     jobject obj,        /* "this" pointer */ 

     jint i,             /* argument #1 */ 

     jstring s)          /* argument #2 */ 

{ 

     const char *str = env->GetStringUTFChars(s, 0); 

     ... 

     env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(s, str); 

     return ... 

} 

native方法是C/C++实现的方法，两者在env参数的使用上有些许区别；具体可看代码中的JNIEnv *env变量的使用。在C版本中，使用env多了一次解引用和参数传递。

这里的JNIEnv就是JNI提供地、可以让开发者调用JNI接口方法的一种类型。JNI提供了很多接口方法，供开发者操作数组、变量、字符串、异常、调用Java方法和获取Java字段等。Java虚拟机会为JNI维护一张方法表：

const struct JNINativeInterface ... = {

    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    GetVersion,

    DefineClass,
    FindClass,

    FromReflectedMethod,
    FromReflectedField,
    ToReflectedMethod,

    GetSuperclass,
    IsAssignableFrom,

    ToReflectedField,

    Throw,
    ThrowNew,
    ExceptionOccurred,
    ExceptionDescribe,
    ExceptionClear,
    FatalError,

    PushLocalFrame,
    PopLocalFrame,

    NewGlobalRef,
    DeleteGlobalRef,
    DeleteLocalRef,
    IsSameObject,
    NewLocalRef,
    EnsureLocalCapacity,

    AllocObject,
    NewObject,
    NewObjectV,
    NewObjectA,

    GetObjectClass,
    IsInstanceOf,

    GetMethodID,

    CallObjectMethod,
    CallObjectMethodV,
    CallObjectMethodA,
    CallBooleanMethod,
    CallBooleanMethodV,
    CallBooleanMethodA,
    CallByteMethod,
    CallByteMethodV,
    CallByteMethodA,
    CallCharMethod,
    CallCharMethodV,
    CallCharMethodA,
    CallShortMethod,
    CallShortMethodV,
    CallShortMethodA,
    CallIntMethod,
    CallIntMethodV,
    CallIntMethodA,
    CallLongMethod,
    CallLongMethodV,
    CallLongMethodA,
    CallFloatMethod,
    CallFloatMethodV,
    CallFloatMethodA,
    CallDoubleMethod,
    CallDoubleMethodV,
    CallDoubleMethodA,
    CallVoidMethod,
    CallVoidMethodV,
    CallVoidMethodA,

    CallNonvirtualObjectMethod,
    CallNonvirtualObjectMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualObjectMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualBooleanMethod,
    CallNonvirtualBooleanMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualBooleanMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualByteMethod,
    CallNonvirtualByteMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualByteMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualCharMethod,
    CallNonvirtualCharMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualCharMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualShortMethod,
    CallNonvirtualShortMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualShortMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualIntMethod,
    CallNonvirtualIntMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualIntMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualLongMethod,
    CallNonvirtualLongMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualLongMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualFloatMethod,
    CallNonvirtualFloatMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualFloatMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualDoubleMethod,
    CallNonvirtualDoubleMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualDoubleMethodA,
    CallNonvirtualVoidMethod,
    CallNonvirtualVoidMethodV,
    CallNonvirtualVoidMethodA,

    GetFieldID,

    GetObjectField,
    GetBooleanField,
    GetByteField,
    GetCharField,
    GetShortField,
    GetIntField,
    GetLongField,
    GetFloatField,
    GetDoubleField,
    SetObjectField,
    SetBooleanField,
    SetByteField,
    SetCharField,
    SetShortField,
    SetIntField,
    SetLongField,
    SetFloatField,
    SetDoubleField,

    GetStaticMethodID,

    CallStaticObjectMethod,
    CallStaticObjectMethodV,
    CallStaticObjectMethodA,
    CallStaticBooleanMethod,
    CallStaticBooleanMethodV,
    CallStaticBooleanMethodA,
    CallStaticByteMethod,
    CallStaticByteMethodV,
    CallStaticByteMethodA,
    CallStaticCharMethod,
    CallStaticCharMethodV,
    CallStaticCharMethodA,
    CallStaticShortMethod,
    CallStaticShortMethodV,
    CallStaticShortMethodA,
    CallStaticIntMethod,
    CallStaticIntMethodV,
    CallStaticIntMethodA,
    CallStaticLongMethod,
    CallStaticLongMethodV,
    CallStaticLongMethodA,
    CallStaticFloatMethod,
    CallStaticFloatMethodV,
    CallStaticFloatMethodA,
    CallStaticDoubleMethod,
    CallStaticDoubleMethodV,
    CallStaticDoubleMethodA,
    CallStaticVoidMethod,
    CallStaticVoidMethodV,
    CallStaticVoidMethodA,

    GetStaticFieldID,

    GetStaticObjectField,
    GetStaticBooleanField,
    GetStaticByteField,
    GetStaticCharField,
    GetStaticShortField,
    GetStaticIntField,
    GetStaticLongField,
    GetStaticFloatField,
    GetStaticDoubleField,

    SetStaticObjectField,
    SetStaticBooleanField,
    SetStaticByteField,
    SetStaticCharField,
    SetStaticShortField,
    SetStaticIntField,
    SetStaticLongField,
    SetStaticFloatField,
    SetStaticDoubleField,

    NewString,

    GetStringLength,
    GetStringChars,
    ReleaseStringChars,

    NewStringUTF,
    GetStringUTFLength,
    GetStringUTFChars,
    ReleaseStringUTFChars,

    GetArrayLength,

    NewObjectArray,
    GetObjectArrayElement,
    SetObjectArrayElement,

    NewBooleanArray,
    NewByteArray,
    NewCharArray,
    NewShortArray,
    NewIntArray,
    NewLongArray,
    NewFloatArray,
    NewDoubleArray,

    GetBooleanArrayElements,
    GetByteArrayElements,
    GetCharArrayElements,
    GetShortArrayElements,
    GetIntArrayElements,
    GetLongArrayElements,
    GetFloatArrayElements,
    GetDoubleArrayElements,

    ReleaseBooleanArrayElements,
    ReleaseByteArrayElements,
    ReleaseCharArrayElements,
    ReleaseShortArrayElements,
    ReleaseIntArrayElements,
    ReleaseLongArrayElements,
    ReleaseFloatArrayElements,
    ReleaseDoubleArrayElements,

    GetBooleanArrayRegion,
    GetByteArrayRegion,
    GetCharArrayRegion,
    GetShortArrayRegion,
    GetIntArrayRegion,
    GetLongArrayRegion,
    GetFloatArrayRegion,
    GetDoubleArrayRegion,
    SetBooleanArrayRegion,
    SetByteArrayRegion,
    SetCharArrayRegion,
    SetShortArrayRegion,
    SetIntArrayRegion,
    SetLongArrayRegion,
    SetFloatArrayRegion,
    SetDoubleArrayRegion,

    RegisterNatives,
    UnregisterNatives,

    MonitorEnter,
    MonitorExit,

    GetJavaVM,

    GetStringRegion,
    GetStringUTFRegion,

    GetPrimitiveArrayCritical,
    ReleasePrimitiveArrayCritical,

    GetStringCritical,
    ReleaseStringCritical,

    NewWeakGlobalRef,
    DeleteWeakGlobalRef,

    ExceptionCheck,

    NewDirectByteBuffer,
    GetDirectBufferAddress,
    GetDirectBufferCapacity,

    GetObjectRefType
  };

JNI提供的函数是比较丰富的。如果对JNI函数不熟悉，我们可以查看JDK文档，里面对JNI部分做了完整说明，其中就包含对各个方法的使用介绍。

JNI文档路径：/jdk-7u79/jdk-7u79-docs-all/docs/technotes/guides/jni/index.html。