Ajax
异步的js和xml,与服务器进行数据交换和异步交互。AJAX+HTML可替代JSP(jsp为得到数据后经过tomcat解析为html回显到网页上)。
快速入门
ajaxServlet
@WebServlet("/ajaxServlet")
public class AjaxServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().write("hello ajax~");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
webapp中html目录创建一个ajaxDemo.html,加上以下脚本
<script>
var xhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest){
xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}else{
xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xhttp.open("GET","http://localhost:8080/FilterModule/ajaxServlet");
xhttp.send();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (this.readyState==4&& this.status==200){
alert(this.responseText)
}
};
</script>
Demo案例:注册判断用户名是否存在
webapp中html目录register.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>register</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>register</h1>
<form>
<table>
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td>
<input name="name" id="userName" type="text"><br/>
<span id="name_error" style="display: none">用户名不太受欢迎</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td>
<input name="password" type="password">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
<input type="reset" value="重置"/>
</form>
</body>
<script>
document.getElementById("userName").onblur = function () {
var name = this.value;
var xhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest){
xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}else{
xhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
xhttp.open("GET","http://localhost:8080/FilterModule/selectUserServlet?name="+name);
xhttp.send();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (this.readyState==4&& this.status==200){
if (this.responseText == "true"){
document.getElementById("name_error").style.display="";
}else{
document.getElementById("name_error").style.display="none";
}
}
};
}
</script>
</html>
servlet
@WebServlet("/selectUserServlet")
public class SelectUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = req.getParameter("name");
boolean flag = true;//先不连数据库模拟一个状态,表示当前数据库中该用户名存在了
resp.getWriter().write(""+flag);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
Ajax的Jquery的写法
从jquery官网下载正式版的jquery如jquery3.7.0.js
将下载的该js文件放入webapp下的js目录下
webapp下jsp目录下创建ajax.jsp文件
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>ajax</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/js/jquery-3.7.0.js"></script>
<script>
var userList = new Array();
userList.push({username:"zhangsan",age:18});
userList.push({username:"zhangsan2",age:20});
$.ajax({
type:"POST",
url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/quick5",<!--具体的controller或servlet-->
data:JSON.stringify(userList),
contentType:"application/json;charset=utf-8"
});
</script>
</html>
访问到该jsp即可执行script发送ajax请求到controller或servlet
Axios
对原生ajax封装,官网:Axios 中文文档 | Axios 中文网 | Axios 是一个基于 promise 的网络请求库,可以用于浏览器和 node.js
快速入门
先创建axios-0.18.0.js文件,windows新建记事本, 引入以下内容:
/* axios v0.18.0 | (c) 2018 by Matt Zabriskie */
!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"object"==typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],t):"object"==typeof exports?exports.axios=t():e.axios=t()}(this,function(){return function(e){function t(r){if(n[r])return n[r].exports;var o=n[r]={exports:{},id:r,loaded:!1};return e[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,t),o.loaded=!0,o.exports}var n={};return t.m=e,t.c=n,t.p="",t(0)}([function(e,t,n){e.exports=n(1)},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){var t=new s(e),n=i(s.prototype.request,t);return o.extend(n,s.prototype,t),o.extend(n,t),n}var o=n(2),i=n(3),s=n(5),u=n(6),a=r(u);a.Axios=s,a.create=function(e){return r(o.merge(u,e))},a.Cancel=n(23),a.CancelToken=n(24),a.isCancel=n(20),a.all=function(e){return Promise.all(e)},a.spread=n(25),e.exports=a,e.exports.default=a},function(e,t,n){"use strict";function r(e){return"[object Array]"===R.call(e)}function o(e){return"[object ArrayBuffer]"===R.call(e)}function i(e){return"undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData}function s(e){var t;return t="undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&ArrayBuffer.isView?ArrayBuffer.isView(e):e&&e.buffer&&e.buffer instanceof ArrayBuffer}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e}function a(e){return"number"==typeof e}function c(e){return"undefined"==typeof e}function f(e){return null!==e&&"object"==typeof e}function p(e){return"[object Date]"===R.call(e)}function d(e){return"[object File]"===R.call(e)}function l(e){return"[object Blob]"===R.call(e)}function h(e){return"[object Function]"===R.call(e)}function m(e){return f(e)&&h(e.pipe)}function y(e){return"undefined"!=typeof URLSearchParams&&e instanceof URLSearchParams}function w(e){return e.replace(/^\s*/,"").replace(/\s*$/,"")}function g(){return("undefined"==typeof navigator||"ReactNative"!==navigator.product)&&("undefined"!=typeof window&&"undefined"!=typeof document)}function v(e,t){if(null!==e&&"undefined"!=typeof e)if("object"!=typeof e&&(e=[e]),r(e))for(var n=0,o=e.length;n<o;n++)t.call(null,e[n],n,e);else for(var i in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,i)&&t.call(null,e[i],i,e)}function x(){function e(e,n){"object"==typeof t[n]&&"object"==typeof e?t[n]=x(t[n],e):t[n]=e}for(var t={},n=0,r=arguments.length;n<r;n++)v(arguments[n],e);return t}function b(e,t,n){return v(t,function(t,r){n&&"function"==typeof t?e[r]=E(t,n):e[r]=t}),e}var E=n(3),C=n(4),R=Object.prototype.toString;e.exports={isArray:r,isArrayBuffer:o,isBuffer:C,isFormData:i,isArrayBufferView:s,isString:u,isNumber:a,isObject:f,isUndefined:c,isDate:p,isFile:d,isBlob:l,isFunction:h,isStream:m,isURLSearchParams:y,isStandardBrowserEnv:g,forEach:v,merge:x,extend:b,trim:w}},function(e,t){"use strict";e.exports=function(e,t){return function(){for(var n=new Array(arguments.length),r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]=arguments[r];return e.apply(t,n)}}},function(e,t){function n(e){return!!e.constructor&&"function"==typeof e.constructor.isBuffer&&e.constructor.isBuffer(e)}function r(e){return"function"==typeof e.readFloatLE&&"function"==typeof e.slice&&n(e.slice(0,0))}/*!
* Determine if an object is a Buffer
*
* @author Feross Aboukhadijeh <https://feross.org>
* @license MIT
*/
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//# sourceMappingURL=axios.min.map
保存命名为 axios-0.18.0.js,将其文件复制到webapp下的js目录。
webapp下html的axiosDemo.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>axios</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>axiosServlet~</h1>
</body>
<!--<script src="/FilterModule/js/axios-0.18.0.js"/>-->
<script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
/*axios({
method:"get",
url:"http://localhost:8080/FilterModule/axiosServlet?name=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})*/
axios({
method: "post",
url: "http://localhost:8080/FilterModule/axiosServlet",
data:"name=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
</script>
</html>
AxiosServlet
@WebServlet("/axiosServlet")
public class AxiosServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String name = req.getParameter("name");
System.out.println(name);
resp.getWriter().write("hello axios~");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
JSON
js对象表示法,js对象和js对象表示法(JSON)区别为JSON的key都要加""双引号。
//js对象
var user = {
name:"zhangsan",
age:23,
city:"北京"
}
//JSON
var userJson = {
"name":"zhangsan",
"age":23,
"city":"北京"
}
Java对象和JSON字符串的转化fastjson
依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.74</version>
</dependency>
用法
Java对象转JSON:String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(obj);
JSON字符串转Java对象:User user = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr,User.class);
Demo:axios加json完成品牌列表数据查询和添加
环境准备
项目结构
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>AxiosModule</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.74</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<port>8080</port>
<path>/AxiosModule</path><!--虚拟目录-->
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
axios-0.18.0.js:复制代码到记事本中保存重命名为axios-0.18.0.js,拷贝到js目录
/* axios v0.18.0 | (c) 2018 by Matt Zabriskie */
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* Determine if an object is a Buffer
*
* @author Feross Aboukhadijeh <https://feross.org>
* @license MIT
*/
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//# sourceMappingURL=axios.min.map
mybatis核心配置mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.kdy.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development"><!--环境development、test,可以配置多个数据库连接的环境信息,将来通过default属性切换-->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/><!--事务管理器,spring可接管-->
<dataSource type="POOLED"><!--数据源-->
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///jdbc?useSSL=false"/>
<!--如果mysqlurl中有&符号需要进行转义为&,如useSSL=false&useServerPrepStmts=true
127.0.0.1:3306本机默认端口可省略不写,直接为///-->
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root123"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<package name="com.kdy.mapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
pojo
@Data//包括get、set、equals、hashCode、canEqual、toString、无参构造,没有有参构造
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String password;
private String email;
private Date birthday;
private String infoId;
private String englishTeacher;
public User(Integer id, String name, String password, String email, Date birthday, String infoId, String englishTeacher) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.password = password;
this.email = email;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.infoId = infoId;
this.englishTeacher = englishTeacher;
}
}
mapper接口
public interface UserMapper {
@Insert("insert into users(name,password,email,birthday,infoId,english_teacher)" +
" values(#{name},#{password},#{email},#{birthday},#{infoId},#{englishTeacher});")
int insert(User user);
@Select("select * from users")
@ResultMap("userResultMap")
List<User> selectAll();
}
sql映射UserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kdy.mapper.UserMapper">
<resultMap id="userResultMap" type="user">
<result column="english_teacher" property="englishTeacher"/>
<!--其他需要映射的字段接着上行格式往下写即可-->
</resultMap>
</mapper>
SqlSessionFactoryUtis
/**
* 通过静态代码块使得该类再被JVM加载时仅执行唯一一次静态代码块中的内容,生成一个sqlSessionFactory对象保存在该类变量中
* 后续直接通过public的getSqlSessionFactory方法拿到这个对象即可。避免重复频繁创建sqlSessionFactory对象的问题。
*/
public class SqlSessionFactoryUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory(){
return sqlSessionFactory;
}
}
service
public class UserService {
SqlSessionFactory factory = SqlSessionFactoryUtils.getSqlSessionFactory();
public List<User> selectAll(){
SqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = mapper.selectAll();
sqlSession.close();
return userList;
}
public int addUser(User user){
SqlSession sqlSession = factory.openSession();
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int count = mapper.insert(user);
if (count>0){
sqlSession.commit();
}
sqlSession.close();
return count;
}
}
axios查询用户列表,并用返回的json数据手写html通过innerHTML回显到table中
html/User.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>UserList</title>
</head>
<body>
<table id="userTable" border="1px"></table>
</body>
<!--<script src="/FilterModule/js/axios-0.18.0.js"/>-->
<script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
axios({
method: "get",
url: "http://localhost:8080/AxiosModule/selectAllServlet"
}).then(function (resp) {
let users =resp.data;
let tableData = "<tr>\n"+
"<th>序号</th>\n"+
"<th>name</th>\n"+
"<th>password</th>\n"+
"<th>email</th>\n"+
"<th>birthday</th>\n"+
"<th>infoId</th>\n"+
"<th>englishTeacher</th>\n"+
"<th>操作</th>\n"+
"</tr>";
for (let i=0;i<users.length;i++){
let user = users[i];
tableData +="\n"+
"<tr align=\"center\">\n"+
"<td>"+(i+1)+"</td>\n"+
"<td>"+user.name+"</td>\n"+
"<td>"+user.password+"</td>\n"+
"<td>"+user.email+"</td>\n"+
"<td>"+user.birthday+"</td>\n"+
"<td>"+user.infoId+"</td>\n"+
"<td>"+user.englishTeacher+"</td>\n"+
"<td><a href=\"#\">修改</a>&<a href=\"#\">删除</a></td>\n"+
"</tr>";
}
document.getElementById("userTable").innerHTML = tableData;
})
}
/*axios({
method: "post",
url: "http://localhost:8080/FilterModule/axiosServlet",
data:"name=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})
}*/
</script>
</html>
@WebServlet("/selectAllServlet")
public class SelectAllServlet extends HttpServlet {
UserService userService = new UserService();
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
List<User> users = userService.selectAll();
String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(users);
resp.setContentType("text/json;charset=utf-8");
resp.getWriter().write(jsonString);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
axios添加用户:封装网页数据为js对象作为data发送post请求,后端json转pojo
html/addUser.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>addUser</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>添加用户</h3>
<form action="" method="post">
name:<input id="name" name="name" type="text"><br>
password:<input id="password" name="password" type="password"><br>
email:<input id="email" name="email" type="text"><br>
birthday:<input id="birthday" name="birthday" type="date"><br>
infoId:<input id="infoId" name="infoId" type="text"><br>
englishTeacher:<input id="englishTeacher" name="englishTeacher" type="text"><br>
<!-- status:
<input name="status" type="radio" value="0">禁用
<input name="status" type="radio" value="1">启用-->
<input type="submit" id="btn" value="submit">
<input type="reset" value="reset">
</form>
</body>
<script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
/*axios({
method:"get",
url:"http://localhost:8080/FilterModule/axiosServlet?name=zhangsan"
}).then(function (resp) {
alert(resp.data);
})*/
document.getElementById("btn").onclick = function(){
var formDate ={
name:"",
password:"",
email:"",
birthday:"",
infoId:"",
englishTeacher:""
/*status,*/
};
formDate.name = document.getElementById("name").value;
formDate.password = document.getElementById("password").value;
formDate.email = document.getElementById("email").value;
formDate.birthday = document.getElementById("birthday").value;
formDate.infoId = document.getElementById("infoId").value;
formDate.englishTeacher = document.getElementById("englishTeacher").value;
/* let status = document.getElementsByName("status");
for (let i = 0;i<status.length;i++){
if (status[i].checked){
formDate.status = status[i].value;
}
}*/
console.log(formDate);
axios({
method: "post",
url: "http://localhost:8080/AxiosModule/AddServlet",
data: formDate
}).then(function (resp) {
if (resp.data=="success"){
location.href="http://localhost:8080/AxiosModule/html/User.html";
}
})
}
</script>
</html>
@WebServlet("/AddServlet")
public class AddServlet extends HttpServlet {
private UserService userService = new UserService();
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//接收数据:request.getParameter("name),接收不了JSON字符串的数据
//只能是以哦那个传统的post请求参数获取方式——req.getReader().readLine();
BufferedReader br = req.getReader();
String params = br.readLine();
//JSON转Java对象
User user = JSON.parseObject(params, User.class);
int count = userService.addUser(user);
resp.setContentType("text/json;charset=utf-8");
resp.getWriter().write("success");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}