客户端发送结构体给服务器_客户端服务器体系结构| 第1部分

客户端发送结构体给服务器

客户端服务器架构 (Client Server Architecture)

A client-server (client-serving, literally) is a type of network application in which a client computer instantiates the user interface of an application connecting to a server application or a database system. More simply, the client / server systems are an evolution of systems based on simple sharing of resources. The presence of a server allows a number of clients to share resources, let the server to manage access to resources to avoid conflicts typical of the early computer systems.

客户端服务器(实际上是客户端服务)是一种网络应用程序，其中客户端计算机实例化连接到服务器应用程序或数据库系统的应用程序的用户界面。 更简单地说，客户端/服务器系统是基于简单资源共享的系统的演变。 服务器的存在允许许多客户端共享资源，让服务器管理对资源的访问以避免早期计算机系统中常见的冲突。

A client / server computing is merely the transposition of conventional systems.

客户/服务器计算仅仅是常规系统的换位。

客户端服务器体系结构-客户端 (Client Server Architecture — Client)

The client software is usually of limited complexity, normally limited to work as an interface to the server. In general, in computing the term indicates a client component that accesses the services or resources of another component, called servers. In this context we can speak to clients referring to hardware or software.

客户端软件通常具有有限的复杂度，通常仅限于用作服务器的接口。 通常，在计算中，该术语表示访问另一个组件(称为服务器)的服务或资源的客户端组件。 在这种情况下，我们可以与涉及硬件或软件的客户交谈。

A computer connected to a server via a local network or geographical area, and which requires one or more services, using one or more network protocols is an example of client hardware.

客户端硬件的示例是一台计算机，它使用一个或多个网络协议通过局域网或地理区域连接到服务器，并且需要一项或多项服务。

A mail program is an example of client software.

邮件程序是客户端软件的示例。

More and more software, such as web, e-mail, databases, which are divided into a client side (residing and running on the PC client) and a server part (resident and running on the server).

越来越多的软件，例如Web，电子邮件，数据库，被分为客户端(驻留并运行在PC客户端上)和服务器部分(驻留并运行在服务器上)。

The term also indicates the client software used on the client computer to access the functionality offered by the server.

该术语还表示在客户端计算机上使用的客户端软件，用于访问服务器提供的功能。

For example, the web browser is the client software, and talk to a web server via HTTP, e-mail client is called in slang or MUA mail user agent (e.g., Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird, Eudora, etc.), and talk to the server via SMTP and POP or IMAP client for consultation or modification of the database (often consisting of software libraries used by an application) talks with the DBMS, which manages the database and answered questions from the client.

例如，Web浏览器是客户端软件，可以通过HTTP与Web服务器进行通信，用client语或MUA邮件用户代理(例如Outlook，Mozilla Thunderbird，Eudora等)调用电子邮件客户端，并与服务器通过SMTP和POP或IMAP客户端进行咨询或修改数据库(通常由应用程序使用的软件库组成)与DBMS进行对话，后者管理数据库并回答客户端的问题。

客户端服务器体系结构-服务器 (Client Server Architecture — Server)

The server software and the management structure of the system must implement all the techniques of access management, allocation and release of resources, sharing and security of the information or resources.

服务器软件和系统的管理结构必须实现访问管理，资源分配和释放，信息或资源的共享和安全性的所有技术。

For example, a mail server is comparable to any post office. Users to access their clients via e-mail box must be authorized. Similarly a user must have the key box located at a post office from which he wants to take the match.

例如，邮件服务器可与任何邮局媲美。 通过电子邮件访问其客户端的用户必须经过授权。 类似地，用户必须在他想参加比赛的邮局拥有钥匙箱。

交互客户端/服务器 (Interactions client / server)

When a client computer connects directly to a database system or a standard application server, this is called 2-tier architecture (architecture in two levels).

当客户端计算机直接连接到数据库系统或标准应用程序服务器时，这称为2层体系结构(两级体系结构)。

Recently, it is more usual for the client computer, called thin clients that do not incorporate business logic, but only interface elements, connect to a server application that implements business logic in which transitively (or later) communicates with the server database, which stores data used by the application. This architecture is called 3-tier architecture (3-tier architecture).

近来，对于客户端计算机(称为瘦客户端)来说，更常见的情况是它不包含业务逻辑，而仅包含接口元素，它们连接到实现业务逻辑的服务器应用程序，在该应用程序中，可传递(或以后)与服务器数据库进行通信，该数据库存储应用程序使用的数据。 这种架构称为3层架构(3层架构)。

In general n-level architectures can use a number of separate services, including transitive relations between different application servers that implement business logic, each of which can be used whether or not a shared database or separate.

通常，n级体系结构可以使用许多单独的服务，包括实现业务逻辑的不同应用程序服务器之间的传递关系，无论共享数据库还是独立数据库，都可以使用每种服务。

Clients and servers are connected via a communication protocol via a communication network. The protocol can be in clear or encrypted in some cases. In the telecommunications sector, two or more machines or hosts (computers, telephone, printer, etc.) can communicate with each other respecting the rules are called network protocols. Adherence to the protocol ensures that two machines can communicate properly, even if they were made independently.

客户端和服务器通过通信网络通过通信协议连接。 在某些情况下，协议可以是明文或加密的。 在电信领域，两个或两个以上的机器或主机(计算机，电话，打印机等)可以根据规则相互通信，这被称为网络协议。 遵守该协议可确保两台机器即使独立制造也可以正确通信。

Service with or without connection

有或没有连接的服务

When a client and a server start to communicate can exchange control packets before sending the actual data.

当客户端和服务器开始通信时，可以在发送实际数据之前交换控制数据包。

These procedures, called handshaking prepare the two components to communication. These procedures are based, for example, TCP.

这些称为握手的过程将准备两个组件进行通信。 这些过程例如基于TCP。

However there may also be services that send data directly as in the case dell’UDP.

但是，在dell'UDP的情况下，也可能有直接发送数据的服务。

Most applications, however, needs to send data securely and reliably that the handshake does just this task. We understand how the TCP connection, for example, is safer but also slower because data exchange not only real but also service data.

但是，大多数应用程序需要安全可靠地发送数据，而握手仅完成此任务。 例如，我们了解TCP连接的安全性和安全性，因为数据不仅交换真实数据，而且交换服务数据。

客户端服务器体系结构–级别 (Client Server Architecture – Levels)

Each protocol normally applicable only part of the aspects of communication. The various protocols are organized with a system called “levels” at each level is used a specific protocol.

每个协议通常仅适用于通信方面的一部分。 各种协议由称为“级别”的系统组织，在每个级别使用特定协议。

The division is made in layers so that each layer uses services offered by the lower level and provide more “rich” to the next level. The different levels in a host communicate with each other through interfaces. Each layer talks only with the next largest and next smallest layer. The protocols govern the communication between two entities instead of the same level, which serves to provide the next level.

划分是分层的，以便每一层都使用较低级别提供的服务，并向下一级别提供更多的“丰富”功能。 主机中的不同级别通过接口相互通信。 每一层仅与下一个最大和下一个最小的层对话。 协议控制着两个实体之间的通信，而不是同一层，它提供了下一层。

The various levels are organized into protocol stacks. The protocol stacks are a flexible way to combine components to create a service.

各个级别被组织到协议栈中。 协议栈是组合组件以创建服务的灵活方式。

A real example of an organization to levels of protocol in the classical treatises concerning computer networks, is the path of a suitcase on a plane trip from the house of origin to destination hotel. The first level that we see is the preparation of the case: the tourist takes his clothes and puts them there and then close it, as this is done is defined by the Protocol of tier 1.

在有关计算机网络的经典论文中，组织达到协议级别的一个真实示例是行李箱从原产地到目的地酒店的飞行路线。 我们看到的第一层是案件的准备工作：游客拿起他的衣服，然后把它们放在那儿，然后关上，因为这样做是由第一层议定书定义的。

The 2nd level is dell’addetta the suitcases at the airport of departure, the tourist gives him the suitcase (transition from first to second level) is in charge of attacking the suitcase information about the flight and destination.

第二层是出发机场的行李箱，游客将行李箱交给他(从第一层到第二层的过渡)负责攻击有关航班和目的地的行李箱信息。

Here we see the fundamental organization levels of protocol, namely that the employee is not necessary to know how the clothes were stowed in the suitcase, also there is no need for tourists to know the steps to be made by the employee in fact tourists will get that he wants (to have the clothes to the hotel of arrival) without affecting at all like the other protocols should work as long as they do so correctly.

在这里，我们看到了协议的基本组织级别，即员工不必知道衣服如何存放在手提箱中，也不需要游客知道员工将要采取的步骤，实际上游客会知道他想要的(将衣服送到到达的旅馆)而不影响其他协议，只要它们正确执行就可以。

The facility serves to fulfill certain tasks:

该设施用于完成某些任务：

• Error control;
  错误控制；
• Flow control;
  流量控制;
• Fragmentation and reassembly;
  碎片和重组；
• Multiplexing, so that higher layer sessions can share a single connection of the lower layer;
  复用，以便高层会话可以共享较低层的单个连接；
• Establishment of the connection.
  建立连接。

Continued…

继续…

翻译自: https://www.eukhost.com/blog/webhosting/client-server-architecture-part-1/

客户端发送结构体给服务器