智能制造和工业4.0：三大技术趋势

In recent years we've witnessed massive technological improvements and innovations that re-shaped how industrial objects look like and work. This shift was called an Industry 4.0, i.e., a new phase in the Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily on connectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data, all for increasing the productivity, fueling effectiveness of business processes and lifting up the level of security.

近年来，我们目睹了大规模的技术改进和创新，重塑了工业物品的外观和工作方式。 这种转变被称为工业4.0，即工业革命的新阶段，其主要致力于连接性，自动化，机器学习和实时数据，所有这些都是为了提高生产力，提高业务流程的效率并提升水平安全性。

物联网和大数据 (IoT and big data)

The primary trend of Industry 4.0 is embedded computing. More and more devices will be able to communicate and interact not only with human operators but with one another. This is already used by collecting massive amounts of data, analytics, and decision-making.

工业4.0的主要趋势是嵌入式计算。 越来越多的设备将不仅能够与人类操作员进行通信，还可以与彼此进行交互。 收集大量数据，分析和决策已使用此方法。

For example, there are already connected sensors that allow real-time monitoring for oil pipelines. These sensors are useful for oil transportation analysis and forecasting. Such smart pipes can study oil composition, pressure, and dozens of other parameters, to prevent any possible problems.

例如，已经连接了传感器 ，可以实时监控输油管道。 这些传感器对于石油运输分析和预测很有用。 此类智能管道可以研究油的成分，压力和许多其他参数，以防止出现任何可能的问题。

智能跟踪技术 (Smart tracking technologies)

Good old plants were quite dangerous places with a lack of control. There've always been accidents involving workers and costly equipment. Plant management rarely could really control what was going on.

好的旧植物是非常危险的地方，缺乏控制。 总是有涉及工人和昂贵设备的事故。 工厂管理很少真正能够控制发生的事情。

Now there are smart BLE beacons throughout the plant, which monitor employee's, machines, and equipment locations and state in the real-time, this allows you to optimize the workload, investigate accidents faster, and prevent problems in the future.

现在，整个工厂都有智能BLE信标，可实时监控员工，机器和设备的位置以及状态，这使您能够优化工作量，更快地调查事故并防止将来出现问题。

If goods, materials, or equipment like, say, a costly aluminum CNC machine is moved around using ineffective routes, this also may cause additional expenses in terms of fuel and a lack of efficient business processes. New tracking tech aims to fix this.

如果货物，材料或设备(例如昂贵的铝制CNC机床 )使用无效的路线四处走动，这也可能导致燃料增加和缺乏有效业务流程的额外支出。 新的跟踪技术旨在解决此问题。

增强现实 (Augmented reality)

AR-based systems find their way in the modern industry. You can find such solutions working in warehouses, plants, etc.

基于AR的系统在现代行业中找到了自己的方式。 您可以找到在仓库，工厂等中工作的此类解决方案。

With augmented reality, you augment the real world image with digital characters, images, or content. You can also overlay text, stats, and information relevant to the worker's current task. Looking at a furnace or piece of equipment might show its current running temperature, revealing it as hot and unsafe to touch with your bare hands.

使用增强现实，您可以使用数字字符，图像或内容来增强现实世界的图像。 您还可以覆盖与工作人员当前任务相关的文本，统计信息和信息。 看着熔炉或设备可能会显示其当前的运行温度，这表明用裸手触摸时会很热且不安全。

There are multiple practical applications of industrial augmented reality, including employees training, infrastructure monitoring and maintenance, and much more.

工业增强现实技术有多种实际应用 ，包括员工培训，基础架构监视和维护等等。

翻译自: https://habr.com/en/post/465423/