计算机网络体系结构分层_计算机体系结构中的内存分层技术

计算机网络体系结构分层

Introduction:

介绍：

In this article, we will discuss the memory hierarchy technology in brief.

在本文中，我们将简要讨论内存分层技术 。

Storage devices such as registers, cache main memory disk devices and backup storage are often organized as a hierarchy. The memory technology and storage organization at each level are characterized by five parameters:

诸如寄存器，高速缓存主存储器磁盘设备和备份存储之类的存储设备通常按层次结构组织。 每个级别的内存技术和存储组织都有五个参数：

1. Access time

   访问时间

2. Memory size

   记忆体大小

3. Cost per bit or byte

   每位或每字节成本

4. Transfer bandwidth

   传输带宽

5. Unit of transfer

   转让单位

There are three important properties for maintaining consistency in the memory hierarchy these three properties are Inclusion, Coherence, and Locality.

在内存层次结构中，有三个重要的属性用于保持一致性，这三个属性是Inclusion，Coherence和Locality。

Information stored in a memory hierarchy satisfies all the above properties the first property i.e the inclusion property, it states as: (M1CM2C...)

存储在内存层次结构中的信息满足上述所有属性的第一个属性，即包含属性，它表示为：(M1CM2C ...)

The set inclusive implies that all the information's are originally stored in the outermost level Mi and the information word found in Mn then copies of the same word can also be found in all the upper levels Mi+1, Mi+2.

包含在内的含义是，所有信息最初都存储在最外层Mi中，而在Mn中找到的信息字则在所有较高层Mi + 1，Mi + 2中也可以找到相同字的副本。

1. Access by word(4 bytes) from a cache block of 32 bytes, such as block A

   从一个32字节的高速缓存块(例如块A)中按字(4个字节)访问

2. Access by block (32 bytes) from a memory page of 32 blocks or 1 KB such as block B from page B.

   从32个块或1 KB的内存页面(例如，页面B中的块B)按块(32字节)访问。

3. Access by page 1 KB from a file consisting of many pages like A & B in segment F

   从文件中以页1 KB的方式访问文件，该文件包含段F中的A和B之类的许多页面

4. Segment Transfer with different No. of pages

   不同页数的段转移

相干性 (Coherence Property)

The coherence property requires that copies of the same information item at successive memory level should be consistent. If a word is modified in the cache copies of that word must be updated immediately at the higher levels.

一致性属性要求在连续的内存级别上相同信息项的副本应保持一致。 如果在高速缓存中修改了某个单词，则该单词的副本必须立即在更高级别上更新。

There are two strategies for maintaining coherence in a memory hierarchy. The first method is,

在内存层次结构中，有两种保持一致性的策略。 第一种方法是

1. Write through which demand immediate update through broadcasting Mi+1 level of memory if a word is modified in Mi.

   如果在Mi中修改了一个单词，则通过广播要求通过广播Mi + 1级别的存储立即更新。

2. Write back – the second method is written which delays the update in Mi.

   回写 –写入第二种方法会延迟Mi的更新。

参考地点 (Locality of references)

• Temporal Locality - Recently referenced items like instructions or data are likely to be referred again shortly such as iterative loops process stacks, temporary variables or subroutines.

  时间局部性 -最近引用的项(如指令或数据)可能很快会再次被引用，例如迭代循环，过程堆栈，临时变量或子例程。

• Spatial Locality - This refers to the tendency for a process to access items whose addresses are nearer to another for example operations on tables or arrays involve access of a certain clustered area in the address space.

  空间局部性 -这是指进程倾向于访问其地址更接近另一个地址的项的趋势，例如，对表或数组的操作涉及对地址空间中某个群集区域的访问。

• Sequential Locality - In typical programs the execution of instructions follows a sequential order unless branch instructions create out of order execution. The ratio of in order execution to out of order execution is roughly 5:1 in ordinary programs.

  顺序局部性 -在典型程序中，指令的执行遵循顺序顺序，除非分支指令造成乱序执行。 在普通程序中，按顺序执行与按顺序执行的比率大约为5：1。

Conclusion:

结论：

In this article, we have discussed the different memory hierarchy technology. I hope you all are now clear with what the memory hierarchy technology is? For other queries about the topic please shoot your queries in the comment section below.

在本文中，我们讨论了不同的内存层次结构技术 。 我希望大家都清楚什么是存储器层次结构技术？ 如果您对本主题有其他疑问，请在下面的评论部分中提出您的疑问。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/memory-hierarchy-technology-in-computer-architecture.aspx

计算机网络体系结构分层