机器学习基本概念_机器学习的基本概念

机器学习基本概念

了解机器学习 (Understanding Machine learning)

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence which deals with machine’s ability to learn and work on improvisation from the past experiences that they are exposed to, without the need to explicitly program them through human intervention. The technology aims to make machines smarter and efficient.

机器学习是人工智能的子集，它处理机器从他们所接触的过去经验中学习和即兴创作的能力，而无需通过人工干预对其进行明确编程 。 该技术旨在使机器更智能，更高效。

Machine Learning has been classified into three categories based on the method of training the machines during the process.

基于在过程中训练机器的方法， 机器学习已分为三类。

1) Supervised Learning

1)监督学习

In this method of training, the computer is fed with both the input and the output. The feedback during the training is also provided to the computer. Based on that the accuracy with which the computer predicts during the training is analyzed by experts. Supervised learning thus enables the machines to associate the input with the appropriate output.

在这种训练方法中，计算机既可以输入也可以输出。 培训期间的反馈也将提供给计算机。 基于此，专家会分析计算机在培训期间预测的准确性。 因此，监督学习使机器能够将输入与适当的输出相关联。

2) Unsupervised Learning

2)无监督学习

In this method there is no supervision or tracking of the input or output, the computers are allowed to interact and produce the output on their own without any sort of intervention. It is mostly applied for transactional data and to perform more complex tasks. Further explanation of this topic is beyond the scope of this article, which will be discussed in another topic called Deep Learning.

在这种方法中，无需监视或跟踪输入或输出，允许计算机进行交互并自行产生输出，而无需进行任何干预。 它主要用于事务数据并执行更复杂的任务。 该主题的进一步说明超出了本文的讨论范围，本文将在另一个名为“深度学习”的主题中进行讨论。

3) Reinforced Learning

3)强化学习

In this method of learning, there are mainly three components which work together – Agent, Environment, and Action. The agent is responsible for identifying and perceiving the surroundings, the agent interacts with the component named environment, which in turn produces the necessary action.

在这种学习方法中，主要有三个部分协同工作-代理，环境和操作。 该代理负责识别和感知周围环境，该代理与名为环境的组件进行交互，进而产生必要的动作。

机器学习的工作机制 (Working mechanism of machine learning)

If you have heard of the term data mining, the machine learning utilizes the similar processes for its operation. The Machine learning algorithms can be defined in terms of a target function, let's name it f() that contains the input variable (x) and a respective output variable (y). Thus the above relation can be represented as: y= f(x)

如果您听说过术语“数据挖掘”，那么机器学习会将类似的过程用于其操作。 可以根据目标函数来定义机器学习算法，我们将其命名为f() ，其中包含输入变量( x )和相应的输出变量( y )。 因此，上述关系可以表示为： y = f(x)

So as to obtain the closest results we use an additional correction factor in the above expression e, which is not dependent on the input variable x. Therefore we obtain the equation: y= f(x) + e

为了获得最接近的结果，我们在上面的表达式e中使用了一个附加的校正因子，它不依赖于输入变量x 。 因此，我们得到方程： y = f(x)+ e

In machine learning, we commonly use the term mapping from x (input variable) to y (output variable) to make predictions. This method of mapping x and y to get accurate predictions is referred to as Predictive Modelling. A list of useful assumptions can be made based on this function.

在机器学习中，我们通常使用从x (输入变量)到y (输出变量)的术语映射来进行预测。 这种映射x和y以获得准确预测的方法称为“预测建模”。 可以基于此功能列出有用的假设。

机器学习和人工智能之间的区别 (Difference between Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence)

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are often considered very much related and people seem to use them interchangeably in discussions. They are not exactly synonym of each other but rather one is the outcome and the other result of it. In concise Artificial Intelligence refers to the ability of machines to perform tasks that we humans usually perform, by imitating the human thinking and perception. On the other hand, we can consider Machine Learning as one of its process or application by which we only provide the machines with appropriate data to work upon and let them learn themselves from experiences.

人工智能和机器学习通常被认为是非常相关的，人们在讨论中似乎可以互换使用它们。 它们不是彼此的确切同义词，而是一个是结果，另一个是结果。 简而言之，人工智能是指机器通过模仿人类的思维和感知力来执行人类通常执行的任务的能力。 另一方面，我们可以将机器学习视为其过程或应用程序之一，通过该过程或应用程序，我们仅向机器提供适当的数据以供处理，并让他们从经验中学习。

人工智能与物联网(IOT)之间的关系 (Relation between Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (IOT))

The Artificial Intelligence and IOT share a relationship of that of our body and brain. For example, our various body parts collect sensory inputs from surroundings such as reflected light. The work of brain is to convert the received light input in the form of reflected light into recognizable objects. If we compare our body parts to the IoT devices and our senses to the various sensory equipment attached to the devices which interact with the surrounding and collect inputs. The Artificial Intelligence acts like our brain which understands the inputs and takes part in the decision of what response is to be given next with respect to the inputs received. Thus, they are very much interrelated but obviously not the same thing.

人工智能和物联网共享着我们的身体和大脑的关系。 例如，我们的各个身体部位都会从周围环境(如反射光)中收集感觉输入。 大脑的工作是将反射光形式的接收光输入转换为可识别的对象。 如果我们将身体部位与物联网设备进行比较，并将我们的感官与设备上附着的与周围环境互动并收集输入的各种传感设备进行比较。 人工智能的行为就像我们的大脑一样，它理解输入，并参与对接收到的输入接下来要给出什么响应的决策。 因此，它们是非常相关的，但显然不是同一回事。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/ml-ai/basic-concepts-of-machine-learning.aspx

机器学习基本概念