python-3 字典

1：创建字典

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777'}
#value 可以是任何对象
#key 不可变对象。字符串，整数，浮点数，元组

#创建空字典

my_dict = {}
my_dict['hello'] = 123
my_dict['hi'] = 567
print(my_dict)
#{'hello': 123, 'hi': 567}

2：从字典中检索

{'hello': 123, 'hi': 567}
print(my_dict['hello'])
#123 不存在则报错keyError

3：使用in 和not 操作符判断字典中的值

my_dict= {'hello': 123, 'hi': 567}
if 'hi' in my_dict:
    print(my_dict['hi'])
#666

4：添加元素

my_dict= {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777'}
my_dict['dog'] = '888'
print(my_dict)

5：删除元素

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
del my_dict['dog']
print(my_dict)
#{'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777'}

del my_dict['tom']
#KeyError: 'tom' 

6：获取字典元素数量

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
print(len(my_dict))
#4

7：for循环便利字典

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
for key in my_dict:
    print(key, end=' ')
#hello hi moxi dog

8：字典常用方法

clear
get
items	以元组序列的形式返回键值对
keys
pop	返回指定键对应的值。删除键值对。如没有找到，该方法返回默认值
popitem	从字典中随机选择一个键值对返回，删除这个键值对
values

#clear

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
my_dict.clear()
print(my_dict)
#{}


#get

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
print(my_dict.get('moxi'))
#777
print(my_dict.get('xxx'))
#None
print(my_dict.get('xxx', '123'))
#123


#items

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
print(my_dict.items())
#dict_items([('hello', '555'), ('hi', '666'), ('moxi', '777'), ('dog', '888')])
for key, value in my_dict.items():
print(f'key: {key}, value: {value}')
# key: hello, value: 555
# key: hi, value: 666
# key: moxi, value: 777
# key: dog, value: 888


#keys

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
print(my_dict.keys())
#dict_keys(['hello', 'hi', 'moxi', 'dog'])
for key in my_dict.keys():
print(key, end=' ')
#hello hi moxi dog

#values

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
print(my_dict.values())
#dict_values(['555', '666', '777', '888'])

#pop

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
return_pop = my_dict.pop('hi')
print(return_pop)
#666
print(my_dict)
#{'hello': '555', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}

#print(my_dict.pop('xxx'))#报错 KeyError
print(my_dict.pop('xxx', 123))
#123


#popitem

my_dict = {'hello': '555', 'hi': '666', 'moxi': '777', 'dog': '888'}
k, v = my_dict.popitem()
print(f'{k}, {v}')
k, v = my_dict.popitem()
print(f'{k}, {v}')
k, v = my_dict.popitem()
print(f'{k}, {v}')
#python3.7 开始好像是从最后一个开始删除
# dog, 888
# moxi, 777
# hi, 666