【C#】 大话设计模式- 26 享元模式

享元模式很多时候是一种底层的设计模式。

如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象，而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑使用。还有就是对象的大多数状态可以使外部状态。如果删除对象的外部状态，那么可用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象，此时可以考虑用享元模式。

围棋、象棋、五子棋、跳棋 ，他们都有大量的棋子对象，内部状态和外部状态都是什么？

对于围棋，颜色是内部状态，位置是外部状态。

如果用常规面向对象方式编程，每个棋盘两三百个棋子对象产生，服务器很难支持更多玩家玩围棋游戏了。毕竟内存空间是有限的。 如果用了享元模式，棋子对象可以减少到两个实例。

使用享元模式需要维护一个记录了系统已有的所有享元的列表，这本身需要耗费资源。 享元模式使得系统更加复杂，为了使对象可以共享，需要将一些状态外部化，这使得程序的逻辑复杂化。因此应当在足够多的对象实例可供共享时，才值得使用享元模式。

共享网站： 内部状态与外部状态：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;

namespace 享元模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            WebSiteFactory f = new WebSiteFactory();

            WebSite fx = f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fx.Use(new User("小菜"));

            WebSite fy = f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fy.Use(new User("大鸟"));

            WebSite fz = f.GetWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
            fz.Use(new User("娇娇"));

            WebSite fl = f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fl.Use(new User("老顽童"));

            WebSite fm = f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fm.Use(new User("桃谷六仙"));

            WebSite fn = f.GetWebSiteCategory("博客");
            fn.Use(new User("南海鳄神"));

            Console.WriteLine("得到网站分类总数为 {0}", f.GetWebSiteCount());

            //string titleA = "大话设计模式";
            //string titleB = "大话设计模式";

            //Console.WriteLine(Object.ReferenceEquals(titleA, titleB));


            Console.Read();
        }
    }

    //用户
    public class User
    {
        private string name;

        public User(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
        }
    }


    //网站工厂
    class WebSiteFactory
    {
        private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();

        //获得网站分类
        public WebSite GetWebSiteCategory(string key)
        {
            if (!flyweights.ContainsKey(key))
                flyweights.Add(key, new ConcreteWebSite(key));
            return ((WebSite)flyweights[key]);
        }

        //获得网站分类总数
        public int GetWebSiteCount()
        {
            return flyweights.Count;
        }
    }

    //网站
    abstract class WebSite
    {
        public abstract void Use(User user);
    }

    //具体的网站
    class ConcreteWebSite : WebSite
    {
        private string name = "";
        public ConcreteWebSite(string name)
        {
            this.name = name;
        }

        public override void Use(User user)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("网站分类：" + name + " 用户：" + user.Name);
        }
    }

}

享元模式：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;

namespace 享元模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            int extrinsicstate = 22;

            FlyweightFactory f = new FlyweightFactory();

            Flyweight fx = f.GetFlyweight("X");
            fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            Flyweight fy = f.GetFlyweight("Y");
            fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            Flyweight fz = f.GetFlyweight("Z");
            fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            UnsharedConcreteFlyweight uf = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();

            uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

            Console.Read();
        }
    }

    class FlyweightFactory
    {
        private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();

        public FlyweightFactory()
        {
            flyweights.Add("X", new ConcreteFlyweight());
            flyweights.Add("Y", new ConcreteFlyweight());
            flyweights.Add("Z", new ConcreteFlyweight());

        }

        public Flyweight GetFlyweight(string key)
        {
            return ((Flyweight)flyweights[key]);
        }
    }

    abstract class Flyweight
    {
        public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicstate);
    }

    class ConcreteFlyweight : Flyweight
    {
        public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("具体Flyweight:" + extrinsicstate);
        }
    }

    class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight : Flyweight
    {
        public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("不共享的具体Flyweight:" + extrinsicstate);
        }
    }
}