C++stoul、stoull 函数用法

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已于 2023-03-24 01:49:41 修改

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分类专栏： C/C++函数库整理文章标签： c++ 算法 c语言 Powered by 金山文档

于 2023-03-24 01:31:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/d704791892/article/details/129713975

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stoul() 函数

#include <string>

unsigned long stoul(const std::string& str, std::size_t* pos = 0, int base = 10);

unsigned long stoul(const std::wstring& str, std::size_t* pos = 0, int base = 10);

功能：将字符串 str 转成 unsigned long 整数
参数：
str：字符串
pos：存储将字符串 str 转成 unsigned long 整数，处理了 str 中字符的个数的地址，默认为 NULL
base：进制，10：十进制，8：八进制，16：十六进制，0：则自动检测数值进制，str 是 0 开头为八进制，str 是 0x 或 0X 开头是十六进制，默认为十进制

stoul() 函数指定转换字符串为十进制用法

stoul.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned long a; //x86_64构架下，unsigned long 8个字节
    size_t pos = 0;
    string str;

    cout << "ULONG_MAX = " << ULONG_MAX << endl;

    str = "-1"; 
    a = stoul(str); //数据在内存中是以补码的形式存储的，负数的补码等于反码加1
    /*
    -1的原码是：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
    -1的反码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110
    -1的补码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111
    */
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; // a = (最大值) +（负数）+ 1，即：((2^64) - 1) + (-1) + 1 

    str = "1235";
    a = stoul(str);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 1235

    str = "  -12  35"; 
    a = stoul(str, &pos); //会舍弃空白符
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-12) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "  -12ab35";
    a = stoul(str, &pos);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-12) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "0123";
    a = stoul(str);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 123

    str = "0x123";
    a = stoul(str);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 0

    return 0;
}

stoul() 函数指定转换字符串为十六进制用法

stoul.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned long a; //x86_64构架下，unsigned long 8个字节
    size_t pos = 0;
    string str;

    cout << "ULONG_MAX = " << ULONG_MAX << endl;

    /*
    数据在内存中是以补码的形式存储的，负数的补码等于反码加1
    -1的原码是：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
    -1的反码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110
    -1的补码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111
    -1转成unsigned long：(最大值) +（负数）+ 1
    -1转成unsigned long：((2^64) - 1) + (-1) + 1
    */
    str = "0x123"; 
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 16); //base = 16，指定十六进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 3 + 2*16 + 1*16*16 = 291

    str = "0x123";
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 0); //base = 0，自动检测数值进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 291

    str = "  -12"; 
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 16); //会舍弃空白符
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-(2 + 1*16)) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "  -12 35";
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 16);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-(2 + 1*16)) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "  -ab";
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 16);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-(11 + 10*16)) + 1

    str = "0123";
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 16);   
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = (3 + 2*16 + 1*16*16) = 291

    return 0;
}

stoul() 函数指定转换字符串为八进制用法

stoul.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned long a; //x86_64构架下，unsigned long 8个字节
    size_t pos = 0;
    string str;

    cout << "ULONG_MAX = " << ULONG_MAX << endl;

    /*
    数据在内存中是以补码的形式存储的，负数的补码等于反码加1
    -1的原码是：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
    -1的反码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110
    -1的补码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111
    -1转成unsigned long：(最大值) +（负数）+ 1
    -1转成unsigned long：((2^64) - 1) + (-1) + 1
    */
    str = "0x123";
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 8); //base = 8，指定八进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 0

   str = "0123"; //(3 + 2*8 + 1*8*8)
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 0); //base = 0，自动检测数值进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = (3 + 2*8 + 1*8*8) = 83

    str = "-12";
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 8); //-(2 + 1*8)
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-10) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 3

    str = "12";
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 8); //2 + 1*8
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 10
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 2

    str = "  -12  35"; 
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 8); //会舍弃空白符
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-10) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    // str = "  -a78"; 
    // a = stol(str, &pos, 8); //数字前有字母，调用会崩掉
    // cout << "a = " << a << endl; 
    // cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; 

    return 0;
}

stoull() 函数

#include <string>

unsigned long long stoull(const std::string& str, std::size_t* pos = 0, int base = 10);

unsigned long long stoull(const std::wstring& str, std::size_t* pos = 0, int base = 10);

功能：将字符串 st r转成 unsigned long long 整数
参数：
str：字符串
pos：存储将字符串 str 转成 unsigned long long 整数，处理了 str 中字符的个数的地址，默认为 NULL
base：进制，10：十进制，8：八进制，16：十六进制，0：则自动检测数值进制，str 是 0 开头为八进制，str 是 0x 或 0X 开头是十六进制，默认为十进制

stoull() 函数指定转换字符串为十进制用法

stoull.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned long long a; //x86_64构架下，unsigned long long 8个字节
    size_t pos = 0;
    string str;

    cout << "ULLONG_MAX = " << ULLONG_MAX << endl;

    str = "-1"; 
    a = stoull(str); //数据在内存中是以补码的形式存储的，负数的补码等于反码加1
    /*
    -1的原码是：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
    -1的反码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110
    -1的补码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111
    */
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; // a = (最大值) +（负数）+ 1，即：((2^64) - 1) + (-1) + 1 

    str = "1235";
    a = stoull(str);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 1235

    str = "  -12  35"; 
    a = stoull(str, &pos); //会舍弃空白符
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-12) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "  -12ab35";
    a = stoull(str, &pos);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-12) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "0123";
    a = stoull(str);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 123

    str = "0x123";
    a = stoull(str);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 0

    return 0;
}

stoull() 函数指定转换字符串为十六进制用法

stoull.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned long long a; //x86_64构架下，unsigned long long 8个字节
    size_t pos = 0;
    string str;

    cout << "ULLONG_MAX = " << ULLONG_MAX << endl;

    /*
    数据在内存中是以补码的形式存储的，负数的补码等于反码加1
    -1的原码是：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
    -1的反码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110
    -1的补码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111
    -1转成unsigned long long：(最大值) +（负数）+ 1
    -1转成unsigned long long：((2^64) - 1) + (-1) + 1
    */
    str = "0x123"; 
    a = stoull(str, NULL, 16); //base = 16，指定十六进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 3 + 2*16 + 1*16*16 = 291

    str = "0x123";
    a = stoull(str, NULL, 0); //base = 0，自动检测数值进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 291

    str = "  -12"; 
    a = stoull(str, &pos, 16); //会舍弃空白符
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-(2 + 1*16)) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "  -12 35";
    a = stoull(str, &pos, 16);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-(2 + 1*16)) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    str = "  -ab";
    a = stoull(str, NULL, 16);
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-(11 + 10*16)) + 1

    str = "0123";
    a = stoull(str, NULL, 16);   
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = (3 + 2*16 + 1*16*16) = 291

    return 0;
}

stoull() 函数指定转换字符串为八进制用法

stoul.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits.h>
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    unsigned long long a; //x86_64构架下，unsigned long long 8个字节
    size_t pos = 0;
    string str;

    cout << "ULLONG_MAX = " << ULLONG_MAX << endl;

    /*
    数据在内存中是以补码的形式存储的，负数的补码等于反码加1
    -1的原码是：10000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000000,00000001
    -1的反码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110
    -1的补码是：11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111111
    -1转成unsigned long long：(最大值) +（负数）+ 1
    -1转成unsigned long long：((2^64) - 1) + (-1) + 1
    */
    str = "0x123";
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 8); //base = 8，指定八进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 0

   str = "0123"; //(3 + 2*8 + 1*8*8)
    a = stoul(str, NULL, 0); //base = 0，自动检测数值进制
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = (3 + 2*8 + 1*8*8) = 83

    str = "-12";
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 8); //-(2 + 1*8)
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-10) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 3

    str = "12";
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 8); //2 + 1*8
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = 10
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 2

    str = "  -12  35"; 
    a = stoul(str, &pos, 8); //会舍弃空白符
    cout << "a = " << a << endl; //a = ((2^64) - 1) + (-10) + 1
    cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; //pos = 5

    // str = "  -a78"; 
    // a = stol(str, &pos, 8); //数字前有字母，调用会崩掉
    // cout << "a = " << a << endl; 
    // cout << "pos = " << pos << endl; 

    return 0;
}

总结：

stoul 函数：将字符串转成 unsigned long 整数。

stoull 函数：将字符串转成 unsigned long long 整数。

使用时需要注意的是 stoul、stoull 函数是 C++11标准加入的，用 g++ 编译器编译时需要加参数：-std=c++11

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C++stoul、stoull 函数用法

stoul 函数：将字符串转成 unsigned long 整数。stoull 函数：将字符串转成 unsigned long long 整数。使用时需要注意的是 stoul、stoull 函数是C++11标准加入的，用g++编译器编译时需要加参数：-std=c++11
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