行为型模式-模版方法(template_method)

模版方法

定义一个操作中的算法的骨架，而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。TemplateMethod使得子类,可以不改变一个算法的结构即可重定义该算法的某些特定步骤.

实例

main.cc:

#include <windows.h>
#include "zhangsan_runner.h"
#include "lisi_runner.h"

/*
design_pattern:"template_method"
The team needs to test the physical ability of the students,the exam contain 3 items:
swimming
bike
running
*/
int main(){
    Runner *zhangsan = new ZhangsanRunner();
    Runner *lisi = new LisiRunner();
    zhangsan->Exam();
    lisi->Exam();

    //clear
    delete zhangsan;
    delete lisi;
    system("Pause");
    return 0;
}

Runner:

//runner.h
#ifndef HELENDP_SOURCE_RUNNER_H_
#define HELENDP_SOURCE_RUNNER_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Runner{
public:
    Runner();
    virtual ~Runner();
    void Exam();
    virtual void Swim();
    virtual void Bike();
    virtual void Run();
};
#endif


//runner.cc
#include "runner.h"

Runner::Runner(){
}

Runner::~Runner(){

}

void Runner::Swim(){

}

void Runner::Bike(){

}

void Runner::Run(){

}

void Runner::Exam(){
    Swim();
    Bike();
    Run();
}

LisiRunner:

//lisi_runner.h
#ifndef HELENDP_SOURCE_LISI_RUNNER_H_
#define HELENDP_SOURCE_LISI_RUNNER_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "runner.h"

class LisiRunner : public Runner{
public:
    LisiRunner();
    virtual ~LisiRunner();
    void Exam();
    void Swim();
    void Bike();
    void Run();
private:
    string name_;
};
#endif


//lisi_runner.cc
#include "lisi_runner.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

LisiRunner::LisiRunner(){
}

LisiRunner::~LisiRunner(){

}

void LisiRunner::Swim(){
    cout << "lisi swim!" << endl;
}

void LisiRunner::Bike(){
    cout << "lisi bike!" << endl;
}

void LisiRunner::Run(){
    cout << "lisi run!" << endl;
}

ZhangsanRunner:

//zhangsan_runner.h
#ifndef HELENDP_SOURCE_ZHANGSAN_RUNNER_H_
#define HELENDP_SOURCE_ZHANGSAN_RUNNER_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "runner.h"

class ZhangsanRunner : public Runner{
public:
    ZhangsanRunner();
    virtual ~ZhangsanRunner();
    void Exam();
    void Swim();
    void Bike();
    void Run();
private:
    string name_;
};
#endif


//zhangsan_runner.cc
#include "zhangsan_runner.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

ZhangsanRunner::ZhangsanRunner(){
}

ZhangsanRunner::~ZhangsanRunner(){

}

void ZhangsanRunner::Swim(){
    cout << "zhangsan swim!" << endl;
}

void ZhangsanRunner::Bike(){
    cout << "zhangsan bike!" << endl;
}

void ZhangsanRunner::Run(){
    cout << "zhangsan run!" << endl;
}

代码和UML图(EA)工程文件,最后会整理打包上传.

UML类图

结构

• AbstractClass(Runner):模版方法的抽象类.
• ConcreteClass(LisiRunner,ZhangsanRunner):模版方法的具体类.

优点

• 模板方法模式在定义了一组算法，将具体的实现交由子类负责.
• 模板方法模式是一种代码复用的基本技术.
• 模板方法模式导致一种反向的控制结构，通过一个父类调用其子类的操作，通过对子类的扩展增加新的行为，符合“开闭原则”.

缺点

• 每一个不同的实现都需要一个子类来实现，导致类的个数增加，是的系统更加庞大.