Executor使用举例

Executor的使用流程为：

1. 主线程首先创建实现Runnable或者Callable接口的任务对象。工具类Executors可以把Runnable对象封装成一个Callable对象（Executors.callable(Runnable task) 或者 Executors.callable(Runnable task, Object result)）；
2. 把Runnable对象直接交给ExecutorService执行（ExecutorSevice.execute(Runnable command)）；或者把Runnable对象或Callable对象交给ExecutorService执行（ExecutorService.submit(Runnable task)或ExecutorService.submit(callable task)）；
3. 如果执行ExecutorService.submit（...），将返回一个实现Future接口的对象（目前JDK中，返回的是FutureTask对象）。由于FutureTask对象实现了Runnable，也可直接创建FutureTask,然后交给ExecutorService执行；
4. 最后，主线程可以执行Future.get()方法来等待任务的执行返回结果。也可以执行FutureTask.cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunnable)来取消此任务的执行。

并行计算求和

public class ConcurrentSum {
	private int coreCpuNum;
	private ExecutorService  executor;
	private List<FutureTask<Long>> tasks = new ArrayList<FutureTask<Long>>();
	public ConcurrentSum(){
		coreCpuNum = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
		executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(coreCpuNum);
	}
	class SumCalculator implements Callable<Long>{
		int nums[];
		int start;
		int end;
		public SumCalculator(final int nums[],int start,int end){
			this.nums = nums;
			this.start = start;
			this.end = end;
		}
		@Override
		public Long call() throws Exception {
			long sum =0;
			for(int i=start;i<end;i++){
				sum += nums[i];
			}
			return sum;
		}
	}
	public long sum(int[] nums){
		int start,end,increment;
		// 根据CPU核心个数拆分任务，创建FutureTask并提交到Executor 
		for(int i=0;i<coreCpuNum;i++){
			increment = nums.length / coreCpuNum+1;
			start = i*increment;
			end = start+increment;
			if(end > nums.length){
				end = nums.length; 
			}
			SumCalculator calculator = new SumCalculator(nums, start, end);
			FutureTask<Long> task = new FutureTask<Long>(calculator);
			tasks.add(task);
			if(!executor.isShutdown()){
				executor.submit(task);
			}
		}
		return getPartSum();
	}
	public long getPartSum(){
		long sum = 0;
		for(int i=0;i<tasks.size();i++){
			try {
				sum += tasks.get(i).get();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (ExecutionException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return sum;
	}
	public void close(){
		executor.shutdown();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int arr[] = new int[]{1, 22, 33, 4, 52, 61, 7, 48, 10, 11 };
		long sum = new ConcurrentSum().sum(arr);
		System.out.println("sum: " + sum);
	}
}

CompletionService

在上述例子中，getResult()方法的实现过程中，迭代了FutureTask的数组，如果任务还没有完成则当前线程会阻塞，如果我们希望任意任务完成后就把其结果加到result中，而不用依次等待每个任务完成，可以使用CompletionService。

它与ExecutorService最主要的区别在于submit的task不一定是按照加入时的顺序完成的。CompletionService对ExecutorService进行了包装，内部维护一个保存Future对象的BlockingQueue。只有当这个Future对象状态是结束的时候，才会加入到这个Queue中，take()方法其实就是Producer-Consumer中的Consumer。它会从Queue中取出Future对象，如果Queue是空的，就会阻塞在那里，直到有完成的Future对象加入到Queue中。所以，先完成的必定先被取出。这样就减少了不必要的等待时间。

实例：并行计算求和

public class ConcurrentSum2 {
	private int coreCpuNum;
	private ExecutorService  executor;
	private CompletionService<Long> completionService;
	
	public ConcurrentSum2(){
		//.....
	}
	class SumCalculator implements Callable<Long>{
		//.....
	}
	public long sum(int[] nums){
		int start,end,increment;
		// 根据CPU核心个数拆分任务，创建FutureTask并提交到Executor 
		for(int i=0;i<coreCpuNum;i++){
			increment = nums.length / coreCpuNum+1;
			start = i*increment;
			end = start+increment;
			if(end > nums.length){
				end = nums.length; 
			}
			SumCalculator task = new SumCalculator(nums, start, end);
			if(!executor.isShutdown()){
				completionService.submit(task);
			}
		}
		return getPartSum();
	}
	public long getPartSum(){
		long sum = 0;
		for(int i=0;i<coreCpuNum;i++){
			try {
				sum += completionService.take().get();
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} catch (ExecutionException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return sum;
	}
	public void close(){
		executor.shutdown();
	}
}