Lire使用实例：创建索引 搜索相似图片

在使用Lire实现图片检索功能比较简单，主要分为两步，第一步创建索引，第二步索引检索

一、创建索引

创建索引主要是使用DocumentBuilderFactory 创建 DocumentBuilder，例如DocumentBuilderFactory.getCEDDDocumentBuilder().
将图片加入索引index 需要以下2步：
    使用 DocumentBuilder 创建Document：builder.createDocument(FileInputStream, String).（第一个参数是图片文件）
    将document 加入 index.

Document就是lucene中的文档，它建立的文档包含了图像的某个特征和图像的标识字符串两个Field。通过调用createDocument就能返回每个图像对应特征和标识的文档，用lucene的IndexWriter就能将它写入索引文件。

 LIRE支持很多种的特征值。具体可以看 DocumentBuilderFactory 类的源代码。也可以使用 ChainedDocumentBuilder 同时使用多种特征值。

创建索引的方法如下代码所示

/**
 * Simple index creation with Lire
 *
 * @author Mathias Lux, mathias@juggle.at
 */
public class Indexer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // Checking if arg[0] is there and if it is a directory.
        boolean passed = false;
        if (args.length > 0) {
            File f = new File(args[0]);
            System.out.println("Indexing images in " + args[0]);
            if (f.exists() && f.isDirectory()) passed = true;
        }
        if (!passed) {
            System.out.println("No directory given as first argument.");
            System.out.println("Run \"Indexer <directory>\" to index files of a directory.");
            System.exit(1);
        }
        // Getting all images from a directory and its sub directories.
        ArrayList<String> images = FileUtils.getAllImages(new File(args[0]), true);
 
        // Creating a CEDD document builder and indexing al files.
        DocumentBuilder builder = DocumentBuilderFactory.getCEDDDocumentBuilder();
        // Creating an Lucene IndexWriter
        IndexWriterConfig conf = new IndexWriterConfig(LuceneUtils.LUCENE_VERSION,
                new WhitespaceAnalyzer(LuceneUtils.LUCENE_VERSION));
        IndexWriter iw = new IndexWriter(FSDirectory.open(new File("index")), conf);
        // Iterating through images building the low level features
        for (Iterator<String> it = images.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
            String imageFilePath = it.next();
            System.out.println("Indexing " + imageFilePath);
            try {
                BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(imageFilePath));
                Document document = builder.createDocument(img, imageFilePath);
                iw.addDocument(document);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.err.println("Error reading image or indexing it.");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        // closing the IndexWriter
        iw.close();
        System.out.println("Finished indexing.");
    }
}

二、索引检索

检索用的接口类ImageSearcherFactory实现检索功能，提供了很多的检索方式，其中常用的createDefaultSearcher。Searcher搜索结果返回的是ImageSearchHits，它就是ArrayList results结果集，根据图片的相似度由高到低的一个集合。

    /** 
     * Simple image retrieval with Lire 
     * @author Mathias Lux, mathias <at> juggle <dot> at 
     */  
    public class Searcher {  
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {  
            // Checking if arg[0] is there and if it is an image.  
            BufferedImage img = null;  
            boolean passed = false;  
            if (args.length > 0) {  
                File f = new File(args[0]);  
                if (f.exists()) {  
                    try {  
                        img = ImageIO.read(f);  
                        passed = true;  
                    } catch (IOException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();    
                    }  
                }  
            }  
            if (!passed) {  
                System.out.println("No image given as first argument.");  
                System.out.println("Run \"Searcher <query image>\" to search for <query image>.");  
                System.exit(1);  
            }  
       
            IndexReader ir = DirectoryReader.open(FSDirectory.open(new File("index")));  
            ImageSearcher searcher = ImageSearcherFactory.createCEDDImageSearcher(10);  
       
            ImageSearchHits hits = searcher.search(img, ir);  
            for (int i = 0; i < hits.length(); i++) {  
                String fileName = hits.doc(i).getValues(DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_IDENTIFIER)[0];  
                System.out.println(hits.score(i) + ": \t" + fileName);  
            }  
        }  
    }  

三、使用实例
新建一个web project，工程名为LireDemo，项目结构如图所示；

TestImageSearch.java

package com.lire.demo;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import net.semanticmetadata.lire.DocumentBuilder;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.ImageDuplicates;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.ImageSearchHits;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.ImageSearcher;
import net.semanticmetadata.lire.ImageSearcherFactory;

import org.apache.lucene.analysis.SimpleAnalyzer;
import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriterConfig;
import org.apache.lucene.store.FSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.util.Version;

public class TestImageSearch {
	
	private static String INDEX_PATH = "F:\\LireImageSearch\\index";// 索引文件存放路径
    private static String INDEX_FILE_PATH = "F:\\LireImageSearch\\images"; //要索引的图片文件目录
    private static String SEARCH_FILE = "F:\\LireImageSearch\\testImg\\1000.jpg";//用于搜索的图片
    
    public void createIndex() throws Exception {
        //创建一个合适的文件生成器，Lire针对图像的多种属性有不同的生成器
        DocumentBuilder db = DocumentBuilderFactory.getCEDDDocumentBuilder();
        IndexWriterConfig iwc = new IndexWriterConfig(Version.LUCENE_33, new SimpleAnalyzer(Version.LUCENE_33));
        IndexWriter iw = new IndexWriter(FSDirectory.open(new File(INDEX_PATH)), iwc);
        File parent = new File(INDEX_FILE_PATH);
        for (File f : parent.listFiles()) {
            // 创建Lucene索引
            Document doc = db.createDocument(new FileInputStream(f), f.getName());
            // 将文件加入索引
            iw.addDocument(doc);
        }
        iw.optimize();
        iw.close();
    }
    
    public void searchSimilar() throws Exception {
        IndexReader ir = IndexReader.open(FSDirectory.open(new File(INDEX_PATH)));//打开索引
        ImageSearcher is = ImageSearcherFactory.createDefaultSearcher();//创建一个图片搜索器
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(SEARCH_FILE);//搜索图片源
        BufferedImage bi = ImageIO.read(fis);
        ImageSearchHits ish = is.search(bi, ir);//根据上面提供的图片搜索相似的图片
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {//显示前10条记录（根据匹配度排序）
            System.out.println(ish.score(i) + ": " + ish.doc(i).getFieldable(DocumentBuilder.FIELD_NAME_IDENTIFIER).stringValue());
        }
    }
    
    //测试前先将包含重复图片的文件进行索引
    public void searchDuplicates() throws Exception {
        IndexReader ir = IndexReader.open(FSDirectory.open(new File(INDEX_PATH)));
        ImageSearcher is = ImageSearcherFactory.createDefaultSearcher();
        ImageDuplicates id = is.findDuplicates(ir);//查找重复的图片，如果没有，则返回null
        for (int i = 0; id != null && i < id.length(); i++) {
            System.out.println(id.getDuplicate(i).toString());
        }
    }
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		TestImageSearch ts = new TestImageSearch();
		try {
			ts.createIndex();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		try {
			ts.searchSimilar();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

测试结果





源码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/davebobo/9657211