设计模式：策略模式

意图：定义一系列的算法,把它们一个个封装起来, 并且使它们可相互替换。

主要解决：在有多种算法相似的情况下，使用 if…else 所带来的复杂和难以维护。

何时使用：一个系统有许多许多类，而区分它们的只是他们直接的行为。

如何解决：将这些算法封装成一个一个的类，任意地替换。

关键代码：实现同一个接口。

OperationAdd.java

public class OperationAdd implements Strategy{
   @Override
   public int doOperation(int num1, int num2) {
      return num1 + num2;
   }
}

OperationSubtract.java

public class OperationSubtract implements Strategy{
   @Override
   public int doOperation(int num1, int num2) {
      return num1 - num2;
   }
}

OperationMultiply.java

public class OperationMultiply implements Strategy{
   @Override
   public int doOperation(int num1, int num2) {
      return num1 * num2;
   }
}

Context.java

public class Context {
   private Strategy strategy;
 
   public Context(Strategy strategy){
      this.strategy = strategy;
   }
 
   public int executeStrategy(int num1, int num2){
      return strategy.doOperation(num1, num2);
   }
}

StrategyPatternDemo.java

public class StrategyPatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Context context = new Context(new OperationAdd());    
      System.out.println("10 + 5 = " + context.executeStrategy(10, 5));
 
      context = new Context(new OperationSubtract());      
      System.out.println("10 - 5 = " + context.executeStrategy(10, 5));
 
      context = new Context(new OperationMultiply());    
      System.out.println("10 * 5 = " + context.executeStrategy(10, 5));
   }
}

总结

封装单一功能，使得多方算法可以灵活替换