字符串4：对齐&替换

目录

1. 对齐填充字符

2. center(width,fillchar='')

3. ljust(width,fillchar='')

4. rjust(width,fillchar='')

5. zfill(width)

6. expandtabs([tabsize=8])

7. replace(old,new,count=-1)

8. translate(table)

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1. 对齐填充字符

填充字符只能1个字符长的Unicode字符，fillchar为空则实际填充空格字符：' '

x='A'

#填充字符超长
y=x.center(5,'12')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 3331, in run_code
    exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
  File "<ipython-input-27-bcff94cd4426>", line 1, in <module>
    y=x.center(5,'12')
TypeError: The fill character must be exactly one character long

#填充字符非unicode字符
y = x.center(10,1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 3331, in run_code
    exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
  File "<ipython-input-29-69914bbffbc3>", line 1, in <module>
    y = x.center(10,1)
TypeError: The fill character must be a unicode character, not int

2. center(width,fillchar='')

返回一个字符居中的新字符串（width <= 字符串长度，新字符串 = 原字符串；width > 字符串宽度，所有字符居中，左右使用 fillchar 参数指定的字符填充）

#width <= 字符串长度，新字符串 = 原字符串
x = '012345'
y = x.center(4,'0')
y
'012345'
y = x.center(6,'0')
y
'012345'

#width > 字符串宽度，所有字符左对齐，右侧使用 fillchar 参数指定的字符填充
y = x.center(10,