类与结构的区别
C++中结构与类的唯一区别是在于默认的访问级别,但是C#中的区别就稍微多了点,C#中如下
(1)类是引用类型,结构是值类型。
类中:
person1 Name = Leopold Age = 6
person2 Name = Molly Age = 16
person1 Name = Molly Age = 16
结构中:
p1 Name = Alex Age = 9
p2 Name = Spencer Age = 7
p1 Name = Alex Age = 9
(2)结构中可以包含构造函数,但是构造函数必须对全部字段赋值,因此结构没有默认构造函数
(3)结构不能被继承,但是结构可以实现接口
(4)结构直接继承自 System.ValueType,类继承自 System.Object
(5)结构中除非是const或者static变量,或者不能直接对变量初始化
(6)结构可以是Nullable类型
所谓的Nullable类型就是System.Nullable<T>的实例,它的取值范围是值类型T可以表达的所有有效值 外加一个null值。
Nullable存在的意义:值类型必须初始化后才能使用,为了让值类型不用初始化,就诞生了这个类型了。
C++中结构与类的唯一区别是在于默认的访问级别,但是C#中的区别就稍微多了点,C#中如下
(1)类是引用类型,结构是值类型。
类中:
public class Person
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public Person(string name, int age)
{
Name = name;
Age = age;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Person person1 = new Person("Leopold", 6);
Console.WriteLine("person1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", person1.Name, person1.Age);
// Declare new person, assign person1 to it.
Person person2 = person1;
//Change the name of person2, and person1 also changes.
person2.Name = "Molly";
person2.Age = 16;
Console.WriteLine("person2 Name = {0} Age = {1}", person2.Name, person2.Age);
Console.WriteLine("person1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", person1.Name, person1.Age);
// Keep the console open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
person1 Name = Leopold Age = 6
person2 Name = Molly Age = 16
person1 Name = Molly Age = 16
结构中:
public struct Person
{
public string Name;
public int Age;
public Person(string name, int age)
{
Name = name;
Age = age;
}
}
public class Application
{
static void Main()
{
// Create struct instance and initialize by using "new".
// Memory is allocated on thread stack.
Person p1 = new Person("Alex", 9);
Console.WriteLine("p1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", p1.Name, p1.Age);
// Create new struct object. Note that struct can be initialized
// without using "new".
Person p2 = p1;
// Assign values to p2 members.
p2.Name = "Spencer";
p2.Age = 7;
Console.WriteLine("p2 Name = {0} Age = {1}", p2.Name, p2.Age);
// p1 values remain unchanged because p2 is copy.
Console.WriteLine("p1 Name = {0} Age = {1}", p1.Name, p1.Age);
// Keep the console open in debug mode.
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
Output:
p1 Name = Alex Age = 9
p2 Name = Spencer Age = 7
p1 Name = Alex Age = 9
(2)结构中可以包含构造函数,但是构造函数必须对全部字段赋值,因此结构没有默认构造函数
(3)结构不能被继承,但是结构可以实现接口
(4)结构直接继承自 System.ValueType,类继承自 System.Object
(5)结构中除非是const或者static变量,或者不能直接对变量初始化
namespace ConsoleApplication5
{
struct struct1
{
//int x = 10; //error
int x;
string str;
//struct1(){} //error
//struct1(int _x) //error
//{ x = _x; }
struct1(int _x, string _str)
{
x = _x;
str = _str;
}
const int y = 10; //OK
static int z = 100; //OK
}
}
(6)结构可以是Nullable类型
所谓的Nullable类型就是System.Nullable<T>的实例,它的取值范围是值类型T可以表达的所有有效值 外加一个null值。
Nullable存在的意义:值类型必须初始化后才能使用,为了让值类型不用初始化,就诞生了这个类型了。