Java惯用法：枚举

枚举的适用场景：表示错误码，业务状态（用户状态、订单状态），业务种类（权限、分类）。

在一些REST风格的API中，需要返回错误码与对应的错误信息：

Microsoft Azure - Common REST API Error Codes

Error code	HTTP status code	User message
ServerBusy	Service Unavailable (503)	The server is currently unable to receive requests. Please retry your request.

使用带构造参数的枚举可以解决这个问题，并带来良好的可维护性。

/**
 * Created by huangyp on 2014/11/11.
 */
public enum ErrorCodeEnum {

    ServerBusy(503, "The server is currently unable to receive requests. Please retry your request.");

    private Integer statusCode;
    private String userMessage;

    ErrorCodeEnum(Integer _code, String _message) {
        userMessage = _message;
        statusCode = _code;
    }
    /** accessor method **/
}

在Web页面中用<select>标签展示、编辑。

<c:set var="productTag" value="<%=EcProductTag.fromString(product.getTag())%>" />
<c:set var="productTags" value="<%=EcProductTag.values()%>" />
<select name="tag" id="tag">
<c:forEach items="${productTags}" var="tag">
    <option value="${tag}" <c:if test="${tag==productTag}">selected</c:if>>${tag.text}</option>
</c:forEach>
</select>

    /**
     * Returns the {@link EcProductTag} enum for the given {@link String} value.
     * @param str
     * @return
     */
    public static EcProductTag fromString(String str) {
        try {
            return EcProductTag.valueOf(StringUtils.upperCase(str));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return GENERAL;
        }
    }