1.bean的配置xml
1.快速入门
加载ApplicationContex
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
配置ApplicationContex.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
">
<!--1.导入spring的坐标spring-context,对应版本是5.2.10.RELEASE-->
<!--2.配置bean-->
<!--bean标签标示配置bean
id属性标示给bean起名字
class属性表示给bean定义类型-->
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<!--7.配置server与dao的关系-->
<!--property标签表示配置当前bean的属性
name属性表示配置哪一个具体的属性
ref属性表示参照哪一个bean-->
<property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
</bean>
</beans>
2.name,scope用法
<!--name:为bean指定别名,别名可以有多个,使用逗号,分号,空格进行分隔-->
<bean id="bookService" name="service service4 bookEbi" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
</bean>
<!--scope:为bean设置作用范围,可选值为单例singloton,非单例prototype-->
<bean id="bookDao" name="dao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl" scope="prototype"/>
3.bean的4种实例方法
<!--方式一:构造方法实例化bean-->
<!-- <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>-->
<!--方式二:使用静态工厂实例化bean-->
<!-- <bean id="orderDao" class="com.itheima.factory.OrderDaoFactory" factory-method="getOrderDao"/>-->
<!--方式三:使用实例工厂实例化bean-->
<!-- <bean id="userFactory" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactory"/>
<bean id="userDao" factory-method="getUserDao" factory-bean="userFactory"/>-->
<!--方式四:使用FactoryBean实例化bean-->
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactoryBean"/>
关于方式4,可见于Spring 工厂方法与FactoryBean(实例化Bean)_spring.beans.factorybean-CSDN博客
4.set注入
<!--注入简单类型-->
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
<!--property标签:设置注入属性-->
<!--name属性:设置注入的属性名,实际是set方法对应的名称-->
<!--value属性:设置注入简单类型数据值-->
<property name="connectionNum" value="100"/>
<property name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<!--注入引用类型-->
<bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<!--property标签:设置注入属性-->
<!--name属性:设置注入的属性名,实际是set方法对应的名称-->
<!--ref属性:设置注入引用类型bean的id或name-->
<property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
</bean>
5.构造方法注入
name参数名, type类型, index位置
<!--
标准书写
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
根据构造方法参数名称注入
<constructor-arg name="connectionNum" value="10"/>
<constructor-arg name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
<constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
</bean>
-->
<!--
解决形参名称的问题,与形参名不耦合
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
根据构造方法参数类型注入
<constructor-arg type="int" value="10"/>
<constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="mysql"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
<constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
</bean>-->
<!--解决参数类型重复问题,使用位置解决参数匹配-->
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
<!--根据构造方法参数位置注入-->
<constructor-arg index="0" value="mysql"/>
<constructor-arg index="1" value="100"/>
</bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
<bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
<constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
<constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
</bean>
6.autowire自动装配
不用写ref了
<bean class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>
<!--autowire属性:开启自动装配,通常使用按类型装配-->
<bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl" autowire="byType"/>
7.STL的注入
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
<!--数组注入-->
<property name="array">
<array>
<value>100</value>
<value>200</value>
<value>300</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--list集合注入-->
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>itcast</value>
<value>itheima</value>
<value>boxuegu</value>
<value>chuanzhihui</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--set集合注入-->
<property name="set">
<set>
<value>itcast</value>
<value>itheima</value>
<value>boxuegu</value>
<value>boxuegu</value>
</set>
</property>
<!--map集合注入-->
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="country" value="china"/>
<entry key="province" value="henan"/>
<entry key="city" value="kaifeng"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--Properties注入-->
<property name="properties">
<props>
<prop key="country">china</prop>
<prop key="province">henan</prop>
<prop key="city">kaifeng</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
8.datasource配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<!-- 1.开启context命名空间-->
<!-- 2.使用context空间加载properties文件-->
<!-- <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>-->
<!-- <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties,jdbc2.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>-->
<!-- classpath:*.properties : 设置加载当前工程类路径中的所有properties文件-->
<!-- system-properties-mode属性:是否加载系统属性-->
<!-- <context:property-placeholder location="*.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>-->
<!--classpath*:*.properties : 设置加载当前工程类路径和当前工程所依赖的所有jar包中的所有properties文件-->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:*.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>
<!-- 3.使用属性占位符${}读取properties文件中的属性-->
<!-- 说明:idea自动识别${}加载的属性值,需要手工点击才可以查阅原始书写格式-->
<bean class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
<property name="name" value="${username}"/>
<!--username是当有两个以上的properties,若只有一个参数名,可以不带前面的文件名-->
</bean>
</beans>
9.container(容器)
XmlBeanFactory过时的容器实现,会默认延迟加载(不直接使用bean的构造方法)
//初始化BeanFactory
public class AppForBeanFactory {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Resource resources = new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml");
BeanFactory bf = new XmlBeanFactory(resources);
// BookDao bookDao = bf.getBean(BookDao.class);
// bookDao.save();
}
}
现在的是类目录或文件目录
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.加载类路径下的配置文件
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//2.从文件系统下加载配置文件
// ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("D:\\workspace\\spring\\spring_10_container\\src\\main\\resources\\applicationContext.xml");
// BookDao bookDao = (BookDao) ctx.getBean("bookDao");
// BookDao bookDao = ctx.getBean("bookDao",BookDao.class);
// BookDao bookDao = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
// bookDao.save();
}
}
可以在bean的配置中修改
<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl" lazy-init="false"/>
2.bean的注解配置annotation
1.快速入门
springconfig配置类
//声明当前类为Spring配置类
@Configuration
//设置bean扫描路径,多个路径书写为字符串数组格式
@ComponentScan({"com.itheima.service","com.itheima.dao"})
public class SpringConfig {
}
相应的 加载ApplicationContex
ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
impl接口实现类,三种注解,数据,服务,组件
他们的作用都是在类上实例化bean,并把当前类对象的实现类交给spring容器进行管理。
//@Component定义bean
//@Component("bookDao")
//@Repository:@Component衍生注解
@Repository("bookDao")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save ...");
}
}
//@Component定义bean
//@Component
//@Service:@Component衍生注解
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
private BookDao bookDao;
public void setBookDao(BookDao bookDao) {
this.bookDao = bookDao;
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("book service save ...");
bookDao.save();
}
}
2.manager生命周期
某接口实现类
@Repository
//@Scope设置bean的作用范围
@Scope("singleton")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save ...");
}
//@PostConstruct设置bean的初始化方法
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
System.out.println("init ...");
}
//@PreDestroy设置bean的销毁方法
@PreDestroy
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("destroy ...");
}
}
getbean使用根据class类型获取
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
BookDao bookDao1 = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
BookDao bookDao2 = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
System.out.println(bookDao1);
System.out.println(bookDao2);
ctx.close();
}
}
3.文件内容注入
如jdbc.properties
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
//@PropertySource加载properties配置文件
@PropertySource({"jdbc.properties"})
public class SpringConfig {
}
@Repository("bookDao")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
//@Value:注入简单类型(无需提供set方法)
@Value("${name}")
private String name;
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save ..." + name);
}
}
//Qualifier的体现
@Repository("bookDao2")
public class BookDaoImpl2 implements BookDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("book dao save ...2");
}
}
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
//@Autowired:注入引用类型,自动装配模式,默认按类型装配
@Autowired
//@Qualifier:自动装配bean时按bean名称装配
@Qualifier("bookDao")
private BookDao bookDao;
public void save() {
System.out.println("book service save ...");
bookDao.save();
}
}
4.datasources
//@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig {
//1.定义一个方法获得要管理的对象
@Value("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
private String driver;
@Value("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_db")
private String url;
@Value("root")
private String userName;
@Value("root")
private String password;
//2.添加@Bean,表示当前方法的返回值是一个bean
//@Bean修饰的方法,形参根据类型自动装配
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource(BookDao bookDao){
System.out.println(bookDao);
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
ds.setDriverClassName(driver);
ds.setUrl(url);
ds.setUsername(userName);
ds.setPassword(password);
return ds;
}
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
//@Import:导入配置信息
@Import({JdbcConfig.class})
public class SpringConfig {
}
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
DataSource dataSource = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class);
System.out.println(dataSource);
}
}
这里关于使用import导入,或Configuration加载JdbcConfig都可
5.mybatis
public class MybatisConfig {
//定义bean,SqlSessionFactoryBean,用于产生SqlSessionFactory对象
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource){
SqlSessionFactoryBean ssfb = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
ssfb.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.itheima.domain");
ssfb.setDataSource(dataSource);
return ssfb;
}
//定义bean,返回MapperScannerConfigurer对象
@Bean
public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer(){
MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
msc.setBasePackage("com.itheima.dao");
return msc;
}
}
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// 1. 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
// 2. 加载SqlMapConfig.xml配置文件
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml.bak");
// 3. 创建SqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
// 4. 获取SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 5. 执行SqlSession对象执行查询,获取结果User
AccountDao accountDao = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
Account ac = accountDao.findById(2);
System.out.println(ac);
// 6. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.itheima.domain"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="mysql">
<environment id="mysql">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<package name="com.itheima.dao"></package>
</mappers>
</configuration>
6.junit
依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
test类
//设置类运行器
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//设置Spring环境对应的配置类
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class AccountServiceTest {
//支持自动装配注入bean
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@Test
public void testFindById(){
System.out.println(accountService.findById(1));
}
@Test
public void testFindAll(){
System.out.println(accountService.findAll());
}
}