Spring-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dege2929512534/article/details/138254991

1.bean的配置xml

1.快速入门

加载ApplicationContex

ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

配置ApplicationContex.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            ">
<!--1.导入spring的坐标spring-context，对应版本是5.2.10.RELEASE-->

    <!--2.配置bean-->
    <!--bean标签标示配置bean
    id属性标示给bean起名字
    class属性表示给bean定义类型-->
    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>

    <bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <!--7.配置server与dao的关系-->
        <!--property标签表示配置当前bean的属性
        name属性表示配置哪一个具体的属性
        ref属性表示参照哪一个bean-->
        <property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.name，scope用法

<!--name:为bean指定别名，别名可以有多个，使用逗号，分号，空格进行分隔-->
    <bean id="bookService" name="service service4 bookEbi" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
    </bean>

    <!--scope：为bean设置作用范围，可选值为单例singloton，非单例prototype-->
    <bean id="bookDao" name="dao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl" scope="prototype"/>

3.bean的4种实例方法

    <!--方式一：构造方法实例化bean-->
<!--    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>-->


    <!--方式二：使用静态工厂实例化bean-->
<!--    <bean id="orderDao" class="com.itheima.factory.OrderDaoFactory" factory-method="getOrderDao"/>-->

    <!--方式三：使用实例工厂实例化bean-->
<!--    <bean id="userFactory" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactory"/>

    <bean id="userDao" factory-method="getUserDao" factory-bean="userFactory"/>-->

    <!--方式四：使用FactoryBean实例化bean-->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.factory.UserDaoFactoryBean"/>

关于方式4，可见于Spring 工厂方法与FactoryBean(实例化Bean)_spring.beans.factorybean-CSDN博客

4.set注入

 <!--注入简单类型-->
    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        <!--property标签：设置注入属性-->
        <!--name属性：设置注入的属性名，实际是set方法对应的名称-->
        <!--value属性：设置注入简单类型数据值-->
        <property name="connectionNum" value="100"/>
        <property name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <!--注入引用类型-->
    <bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <!--property标签：设置注入属性-->
        <!--name属性：设置注入的属性名，实际是set方法对应的名称-->
        <!--ref属性：设置注入引用类型bean的id或name-->
        <property name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>

5.构造方法注入

name参数名, type类型, index位置

<!--
    标准书写
    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        根据构造方法参数名称注入
        <constructor-arg name="connectionNum" value="10"/>
        <constructor-arg name="databaseName" value="mysql"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
        <constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
    </bean>
-->
<!--
    解决形参名称的问题，与形参名不耦合
    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        根据构造方法参数类型注入
        <constructor-arg type="int" value="10"/>
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="mysql"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
        <constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
    </bean>-->

    <!--解决参数类型重复问题，使用位置解决参数匹配-->
    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        <!--根据构造方法参数位置注入-->
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="mysql"/>
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="100"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
        <constructor-arg name="bookDao" ref="bookDao"/>
    </bean>

6.autowire自动装配

不用写ref了

<bean class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl"/>
    <!--autowire属性：开启自动装配，通常使用按类型装配-->
<bean id="bookService" class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl" autowire="byType"/>

7.STL的注入

<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        <!--数组注入-->
        <property name="array">
            <array>
                <value>100</value>
                <value>200</value>
                <value>300</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <!--list集合注入-->
        <property name="list">
            <list>
                <value>itcast</value>
                <value>itheima</value>
                <value>boxuegu</value>
                <value>chuanzhihui</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!--set集合注入-->
        <property name="set">
            <set>
                <value>itcast</value>
                <value>itheima</value>
                <value>boxuegu</value>
                <value>boxuegu</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <!--map集合注入-->
        <property name="map">
            <map>
                <entry key="country" value="china"/>
                <entry key="province" value="henan"/>
                <entry key="city" value="kaifeng"/>
            </map>
        </property>
        <!--Properties注入-->
        <property name="properties">
            <props>
                <prop key="country">china</prop>
                <prop key="province">henan</prop>
                <prop key="city">kaifeng</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

8.datasource配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
            ">
<!--    1.开启context命名空间-->
<!--    2.使用context空间加载properties文件-->
<!--    <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>-->
<!--    <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties,jdbc2.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>-->
<!--    classpath:*.properties  ：   设置加载当前工程类路径中的所有properties文件-->
<!--    system-properties-mode属性：是否加载系统属性-->
    <!--    <context:property-placeholder location="*.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>-->

    <!--classpath*:*.properties  ：  设置加载当前工程类路径和当前工程所依赖的所有jar包中的所有properties文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:*.properties" system-properties-mode="NEVER"/>

<!--    3.使用属性占位符${}读取properties文件中的属性-->
<!--    说明：idea自动识别${}加载的属性值，需要手工点击才可以查阅原始书写格式-->
    <bean class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl">
        <property name="name" value="${username}"/>

    <!--username是当有两个以上的properties，若只有一个参数名，可以不带前面的文件名-->
    </bean>


</beans>

9.container（容器）

XmlBeanFactory过时的容器实现，会默认延迟加载（不直接使用bean的构造方法）

//初始化BeanFactory
public class AppForBeanFactory {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Resource resources = new ClassPathResource("applicationContext.xml");
        BeanFactory bf = new XmlBeanFactory(resources);
//        BookDao bookDao = bf.getBean(BookDao.class);
//        bookDao.save();
    }
}

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.加载类路径下的配置文件
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        //2.从文件系统下加载配置文件
//        ApplicationContext ctx = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("D:\\workspace\\spring\\spring_10_container\\src\\main\\resources\\applicationContext.xml");
//        BookDao bookDao = (BookDao) ctx.getBean("bookDao");
//        BookDao bookDao = ctx.getBean("bookDao",BookDao.class);
//        BookDao bookDao = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
//        bookDao.save();
    }
}

可以在bean的配置中修改

<bean id="bookDao" class="com.itheima.dao.impl.BookDaoImpl" lazy-init="false"/>

2.bean的注解配置annotation

1.快速入门

springconfig配置类

//声明当前类为Spring配置类
@Configuration
//设置bean扫描路径，多个路径书写为字符串数组格式
@ComponentScan({"com.itheima.service","com.itheima.dao"})
public class SpringConfig {
}

相应的加载ApplicationContex

ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);

impl接口实现类，三种注解，数据，服务，组件

他们的作用都是在类上实例化bean，并把当前类对象的实现类交给spring容器进行管理。

//@Component定义bean
//@Component("bookDao")
//@Repository：@Component衍生注解
@Repository("bookDao")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ...");
    }
}

//@Component定义bean
//@Component
//@Service：@Component衍生注解
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    private BookDao bookDao;

    public void setBookDao(BookDao bookDao) {
        this.bookDao = bookDao;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book service save ...");
        bookDao.save();
    }
}

2.manager生命周期

某接口实现类

@Repository
//@Scope设置bean的作用范围
@Scope("singleton")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ...");
    }
    //@PostConstruct设置bean的初始化方法
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("init ...");
    }
    //@PreDestroy设置bean的销毁方法
    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy ...");
    }

}

getbean使用根据class类型获取

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        BookDao bookDao1 = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
        BookDao bookDao2 = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
        System.out.println(bookDao1);
        System.out.println(bookDao2);
        ctx.close();
    }
}

3.文件内容注入

如jdbc.properties

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
//@PropertySource加载properties配置文件
@PropertySource({"jdbc.properties"})
public class SpringConfig {
}

@Repository("bookDao")
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
    //@Value：注入简单类型（无需提供set方法）
    @Value("${name}")
    private String name;

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ..." + name);
    }
}

//Qualifier的体现

@Repository("bookDao2")
public class BookDaoImpl2 implements BookDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save ...2");
    }
}

@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
    //@Autowired：注入引用类型，自动装配模式，默认按类型装配
    @Autowired
    //@Qualifier：自动装配bean时按bean名称装配
    @Qualifier("bookDao")
    private BookDao bookDao;

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book service save ...");
        bookDao.save();
    }
}

4.datasources

//@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig {
    //1.定义一个方法获得要管理的对象
    @Value("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
    private String driver;
    @Value("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_db")
    private String url;
    @Value("root")
    private String userName;
    @Value("root")
    private String password;
    //2.添加@Bean，表示当前方法的返回值是一个bean
    //@Bean修饰的方法，形参根据类型自动装配
    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(BookDao bookDao){
        System.out.println(bookDao);
        DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
        ds.setDriverClassName(driver);
        ds.setUrl(url);
        ds.setUsername(userName);
        ds.setPassword(password);
        return ds;
    }
}

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.itheima")
//@Import:导入配置信息
@Import({JdbcConfig.class})
public class SpringConfig {
}

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        DataSource dataSource = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class);
        System.out.println(dataSource);
    }
}

这里关于使用import导入，或Configuration加载JdbcConfig都可

5.mybatis

public class MybatisConfig {
    //定义bean，SqlSessionFactoryBean，用于产生SqlSessionFactory对象
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource){
        SqlSessionFactoryBean ssfb = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        ssfb.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.itheima.domain");
        ssfb.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return ssfb;
    }
    //定义bean，返回MapperScannerConfigurer对象
    @Bean
    public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer(){
        MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
        msc.setBasePackage("com.itheima.dao");
        return msc;
    }
}

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 1. 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        // 2. 加载SqlMapConfig.xml配置文件
        InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml.bak");
        // 3. 创建SqlSessionFactory对象
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
        // 4. 获取SqlSession
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        // 5. 执行SqlSession对象执行查询，获取结果User
        AccountDao accountDao = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountDao.class);

        Account ac = accountDao.findById(2);
        System.out.println(ac);

        // 6. 释放资源
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"></properties>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.itheima.domain"/>
    </typeAliases>
    <environments default="mysql">
        <environment id="mysql">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <package name="com.itheima.dao"></package>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

6.junit

依赖：

 <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

test类

//设置类运行器
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//设置Spring环境对应的配置类
@ContextConfiguration(classes = SpringConfig.class)
public class AccountServiceTest {
    //支持自动装配注入bean
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void testFindById(){
        System.out.println(accountService.findById(1));

    }

    @Test
    public void testFindAll(){
        System.out.println(accountService.findAll());
    }


}