lambda表达式

一、JDK8为什么引入lambda表达式

理论名词：函数式接口/函数式编程
在代码运行过程中，可以自行判断参数类型。

案例说明：
从一个Student集合中，取出符合要求的元素。

Student.java：

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private int score;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, int score) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.score = score;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", score=" + score +
                '}';
    }
}

实现一：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
        list.add(new Student("zhangsan",14,67));
        list.add(new Student("lisi",13,89));
        list.add(new Student("wangwu",15,97));
        list.add(new Student("maliu",12,63));
        list.add(new Student("zhaoqi",17,75));
        //查找年龄大于14的学生
        findByAge(list);
        System.out.println("---------------------");
        //查找分数大于75的学生
        findByScore(list);
    }

    private static void findByAge(ArrayList<Student> list) {
        ArrayList<Student> result = new ArrayList<Student>();
        for(Student s:list){
            if(s.getAge() > 14){
                result.add(s);
            }
        }
        print(result);
    }

    private static void findByScore(ArrayList<Student> list) {
        ArrayList<Student> result = new ArrayList<Student>();
        for(Student s:list){
            if(s.getScore() > 75){
                result.add(s);
            }
        }
        print(result);
    }

    //打印结果的函数
    public static void print(ArrayList<Student> list){
        for(Student s : list){
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}

总结：
会发现findByScore()和findByScore()方法体的实现大体一致，显得代码重复冗余，所以需要进行优化。
两个方法都是提取符合要求的元素，可以想到面向接口编程，将这种要求定义成接口，具体细节由其实现类体现。

实现二（面向接口编程）：

为了简化代码，使用原始的匿名内部类的写法

public interface StudentFilter {
    //定义一个过滤方法
    public boolean compare(Student student);
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
        list.add(new Student("zhangsan",14,67));
        list.add(new Student("lisi",13,89));
        list.add(new Student("wangwu",15,97));
        list.add(new Student("maliu",12,63));
        list.add(new Student("zhaoqi",17,75));

        getByFilter(list, new StudentFilter() {
            @Override
            public boolean compare(Student student) {
                return student.getAge() > 14;
            }
        });
        System.out.println("----------------");
        getByFilter(list, new StudentFilter() {
            @Override
            public boolean compare(Student student) {
                return student.getScore() > 75;
            }
        });

    }
    public static void getByFilter(ArrayList<Student> students,StudentFilter filter){
        ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
        for(Student student : students){//实质上用了迭代器
            if(filter.compare(student)){
                list.add(student);
            }
        }
        print(list);
    }

    //打印结果的函数
    public static void print(ArrayList<Student> students){
        for(Student student : students){
            System.out.println(student);
        }
    }
}

小结：
如果后续想要增加需求，直接增加StudentFilter的实现子类即可。

实现三（使用lambda表达式）

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
        list.add(new Student("zhangsan",14,67));
        list.add(new Student("lisi",13,89));
        list.add(new Student("wangwu",15,97));
        list.add(new Student("maliu",12,63));
        list.add(new Student("zhaoqi",17,75));
        //compare(e)->{方法体}
        getByFilter(list,(e)->e.getAge() > 14);
        System.out.println("----------------");
        getByFilter(list,(e)->e.getScore() > 75);

    }
    public static void getByFilter(ArrayList<Student> students,StudentFilter filter){
        ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<Student>();
        for(Student student : students){//实质上用了迭代器
            if(filter.compare(student)){
                list.add(student);
            }
        }
        //打印结果
        //forEach的参数类型为Consumer<? super E> action
        list.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

具体说明：

//compare(e)->{方法体}
 /*getByFilter()方法的第二个参数是StudentFilter类型，
  *且StudentFilter接口中只有一个抽象方法compare
  * 所以e是作为该方法的参数，后面的方法体即为compare方法的具体实现
 */
 getByFilter(list,(e)->e.getAge() > 14);

//forEach的参数类型为Consumer<? super E> action
//Consumer也是函数式接口，代表一个输入
list.forEach(System.out::println);