本节目录:
(一)笔记总结;
(二)gevent-websocket+flask+javascript实现WS即时通信
(1)无昵称群聊
(2)有昵称群聊
(3)私聊
三种通信模型简述:
(1)轮询:
客户端周期性不间断高频率的给服务器发送请求:
客户端请求--服务器响应--断开连接,请求次数QPS比较频繁,对客户端和服务器的配置要求比较高
(2)长轮询:
客户端周期性不间断的给服务器发送请求:
客户端与服务器建立的连接会保持一定时间,因此请求相对不会特别频繁
(3)长连接:
客户端与服务端建立连接后,如果不是特殊原因(客户端主动断开,服务器故障)连接会一直保持
同时通过多线程进行IO多路复用技术解决并发问题
flask中基于gevent-websocket的IO多路复用技术进行长连接通信:
(1)基于gevent-websocket的IO多路复用长连接通信,需要导入一下模块:
#pip install gevent-websocket导入IO多路复用模块 from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler #提供WS(websocket)协议处理 from geventwebsocket.server import WSGIServer #websocket服务承载 #WSGIServer导入的就是gevent.pywsgi中的类 # from gevent.pywsgi import WSGIServer from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket #websocket语法提示
(2)路由视图函数中的处理必须通过request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket')获取与客户端的ws连接client_socket:
#websocket协议通信如下(http请求正常处理即可) @app.route() def func(): client_socket=request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') while 1: client_socket.recive() ... client_socket.send(str) ...
(3)flask项目启动如下:
WSGIServer默认处理的是http请求,路由视图中可以正常使用http,
但是在使用ws协议时务必在视图函数通过request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket')获取与客户端的ws连接client_socket,
通过连接client_socket进行client_socket.recive()/client_socket.send()通信,这连个方法会对字符串自动进行编解码)
http_server=WSGIServer(('192.168.16.14',8888),application=app,handler_class=WebSocketHandler。 http_server.serve_forever()
(4)前端页面使用js进行WS(websocket)请求:
浏览器提供了websocket客户端,直接new创建websocket连接ws,
(ws状态码0表示已创建未连接,1表示已连接保持中,2表示客户端主动断开连接,3表示服务端断开连接),
通过ws.onmessage=function (MessageEvent){}监听执行回调函数获取信息MessageEvent.data,
通过ws.send()发送信息。
<script> var ws = new WebSocket('ws://192.168.16.14:8888/websocket'); ws.onmessage = function (MessageEvent) { console.log(MessageEvent); console.log(MessageEvent.data); }; function send() { var msg = document.getElementById('msg').value; ws.send(msg); } </script>
http请求协议和websocket请求协议的请求原数据request.environ和请求头部信息request.headers比较:
http-environ:
{ 'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'gevent/1.4 Python/3.6', 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.multithread': False, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'SERVER_NAME': 'PC-Yang', 'SERVER_PORT': '8888', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'PATH_INFO': '/websocket', 'QUERY_STRING': '', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 'REMOTE_ADDR': '192.168.16.14', 'REMOTE_PORT': '61539', 'HTTP_HOST': '192.168.16.14:8888', 'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive', 'HTTP_PRAGMA': 'no-cache', 'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL': 'no-cache', 'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1', 'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36', 'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'wsgi.input': <gevent.pywsgi.Input object at 0x03A9DC00>, 'wsgi.input_terminated': True, 'werkzeug.request': <Request 'http://192.168.16.14:8888/websocket' [GET]> }
http-headers:
''' Host: 192.168.16.14:8888 Connection: keep-alive Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 '''
websocket-environ: 'wsgi.websocket': <geventwebsocket.websocket.WebSocket object at 0x03A9DC00>,websocket连接
''' { 'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'gevent/1.4 Python/3.6', 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.multithread': False, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'SERVER_NAME': 'PC-Yang', 'SERVER_PORT': '8888', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 'PATH_INFO': '/websocket', 'QUERY_STRING': '', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 'REMOTE_ADDR': '192.168.16.14', 'REMOTE_PORT': '61591', 'HTTP_HOST': '192.168.16.14:8888', 'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'Upgrade', 'HTTP_PRAGMA': 'no-cache', 'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL': 'no-cache', 'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36', 'HTTP_UPGRADE': 'websocket', 'HTTP_ORIGIN': 'http://192.168.16.14:8888', 'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION': '13', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY': 'Oyfq0MCEBnsypKstjjRvYg==', 'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_EXTENSIONS': 'permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits', 'wsgi.input': <gevent.pywsgi.Input object at 0x03A9DCA8>, 'wsgi.input_terminated': True, 'wsgi.websocket_version': '13', 'wsgi.websocket': <geventwebsocket.websocket.WebSocket object at 0x03A9DC00>, 'werkzeug.request': <Request 'http://192.168.16.14:8888/websocket' [GET]> } '''
websocket-headers: Upgrade: websocket #websocket请求中的标识
''' Host: 192.168.16.14:8888 Connection: Upgrade Pragma: no-cache Cache-Control: no-cache User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36 Upgrade: websocket #websocket请求中的标识 Origin: http://192.168.16.14:8888 Sec-Websocket-Version: 13 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 Sec-Websocket-Key: Oyfq0MCEBnsypKstjjRvYg== Sec-Websocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits '''
(1)基于websocket+flask实现的群聊无昵称即时通信
flask_websocket(MUC_Nonick).py
1 ''' 2 基于websocket+flask实现的群聊无昵称即时通信 3 设计列表client_list = []来存储客户端与服务器的连接, 4 服务收到任意客户端的信息(信息时),对连接存储列表进行遍历获取每个连接,直接进行转发 5 ''' 6 from flask import