运行时的多态性和抽象性程序设计

我做了两个设计

第一个

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Grap{			//图形类
protected:
	float a;
public:
	Grap(float a):a(a){}
	virtual float area()=0;		//表面积
	virtual float volume()=0;	//体积
}; 
class Square: public Grap{	//正方体
public:
	Square(float a):Grap(a){}
	float area();
	float volume();
}; 
float Square::area(){
	return (6*a*a);
}
float Square::volume(){
	return (a*a*a);
}
class Cyl:public Grap{//圆柱体类
private:
	float h;//圆柱的高
public:
	Cyl(float a,float h):Grap(a),h(h){}
	float area();
	float volume();
};
float Cyl::area(){
	return (2*3.14*a*a+2*3.14*a*h);
}
float Cyl::volume(){
	return (3.14*a*a*h);
}
class Sphere:public Grap{		//球体类
public:
	Sphere::Sphere(float a):Grap(a){}
	float area();
	float volume();
};
float Sphere::area(){
	return (4*3.14*a*a);
}
float Sphere::volume(){
	return (4.0/3*3.14*a*a*a);
}
int main(){
	Grap *p;
	Square a(5);
	Cyl b(4,9);
	Sphere c(3);
	p=&a;
	cout<<"正方体表面积="<<p->area()<<endl;
	cout<<"正方体体积="<<p->volume()<<endl;
	p=&b;
	cout<<"圆柱体表面积="<<p->area()<<endl;
	cout<<"圆柱体体积="<<p->volume()<<endl;
	p=&c;
	cout<<"球体表面积="<<p->area()<<endl;
	cout<<"球体体积="<<p->volume()<<endl;
	return 0;
}

第二个

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Graphical{	
protected:
	float a;
public:
	Graphical(float a):a(a){}
	virtual float area()=0;
	virtual float volume()=0;
};
class Square: public Graphical{
public:
	Square(float a):Graphical(a){};
	float area();
	float volume();
};
float Square::area(){
	return (a*a*a);
}
float Square::volume(){
	return (6*a*a);
}
class Cylinder: public Graphical{
private:
	float h;
public:
	Cylinder(float a,float h):Graphical(a),h(h){};
	float area();
	float volume();
};
float Cylinder::area(){
	return (2*3.14*a*a+2*3.14*a*h);
}
float Cylinder::volume(){
	return (3.14*a*a*h);
}
class Sphere: public Graphical{
public:
	Sphere(float a):Graphical(a){};
	float area();
	float volume();
};
float Sphere::area(){
	return (4*3.14*a*a);
}
float Sphere::volume(){
	return (4.0/3*3.14*a*a*a);
}
int main(){
	float a,b,c,h;
	Graphical *p;
	cout<<"请输入正方形边长"<<endl;
	cin>>a;
	Square s1(a);
	cout<<"请输入圆柱体的底面半径和高"<<endl;
	cin>>b>>h;
	Cylinder s2(b,h);
	cout<<"请输入球体的半径"<<endl;
	cin>>c;
	Sphere s3(c);
	p=&s1;
	cout<<"area="<<p->area()<<endl;
	cout<<"volume="<<p->area()<<endl;
	p=&s2;
	cout<<"area="<<p->area()<<endl;
	cout<<"volume="<<p->area()<<endl;
	p=&s3;
	cout<<"area="<<p->area()<<endl;
	cout<<"volume="<<p->area()<<endl;
	return 0;
}