1.网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信
通信双方地址
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ip
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端口
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定位某个计算机上的某个应用
规则:网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
1.网络编程中有一个准确的问题
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如何准确定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
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找到主机之后如何通讯
2.网络编程中的要素
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IP和端口
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网络通讯协议
P地址
ip地址:InteAddress
唯一定位一台网络计算机(身份证一样)
127.0.0.1 :本机地址
ip的分类
IPV4/IPV6
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IPV4 :127.0.0.1 ,由四个字节组成,0~255,共42亿个,2011年已用尽
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IPV6 : 128位,8个无符号整数
公网(互联网) - 私网(局域网)
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192.186.x.x
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class TestAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
/*查询本机地址*/
InetAddress address1= InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println("address1 :" + address1);
InetAddress address3= InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println("address3 :" + address3);
InetAddress address4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println("address4 :" + address4);
// 查询网站ip
InetAddress address2= InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println("address2 :" + address2); //www.baidu.com/14.215.177.38
// 常用方法
System.out.println("address2 :" + address2.getAddress()); //[B@28d93b30
System.out.println("address2 :" + address2.getCanonicalHostName()); //www.baidu.com //规范名
System.out.println("address2 :" + address2.getHostAddress()); //14.215.177.38 ip
System.out.println("address2 :" + address2.getHostName()); //www.baidu.com 域名/自己电脑名
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
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不同进程有不同的端口号!!用来区分软件
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端口规定 0~65535
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分两种: TCP端口/UDP端口 相当于65535*2; 假设TCP占用了8080端口,那么UDP也可以使用8080端口,单个歇一下端口不能冲突
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端口分类
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公有端口 0~1023
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HTTP:80 (默认)
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HTTPS :443
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FTP:21
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Telent:23
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程序注册端口 : 1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
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tomcat:8080
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Mysql :3306
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Oracle:1521
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动态 / 私有端口 : 49152~65535
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netstat -aon 查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr "8080" 查看指定端口
tasklist|findstr "8080" 查看指定端口的进程
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestIntSocketaAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("localhiost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress);
System.out.println(socketAddress1);
System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());
System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());
}
}
通讯协议
协议:相当于是一种约定,就好比大家都说普通话
TCP/UDP协议簇 :实际上是一种协议
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TCp:用户传输协议
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UDP:用户数据报协议
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IP:网络互联协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP: 相当于打电话
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连接稳定
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三次握手,四次挥手
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最少需要三次,才能保证稳定链接
A:你愁啥
B:瞅你咋地
A:打一架 -
客户端/服务端
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传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:相当于发短信
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不连接,不稳定
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客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
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不管对面有没有准备好,都可以发给你
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DDOS : 洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
TCP
客户端:
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连接服务器 Socket
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发送消息
package lesson2;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
/*客户端*/
public class TcpClintDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream outputStream = null;
try {
//1.服务器地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
// 2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
// 3.发送消息IO流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("你好".getBytes());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (outputStream != null) {
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}服务器
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建立服务的端口ServerSocker
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等待用户的连接 accept
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接收用户消息
package lesson2;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpSercverDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = null;
try {
// 1.地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
// 2.等待地址连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端消息
inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
// 4.管道流
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if (byteArrayOutputStream != null) {
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStream != null) {
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}文件上传
服务器端
package lesson2;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端 --接收文件
public class TcpSercverDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
// 2.监听客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式连接,会一直等待客户端连接
// 3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
// 4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("123.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("接收完毕,可以断开".getBytes());
// 关闭字段
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}客户端
package lesson2;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
/*客户端*/
public class TcpClintDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.创建socker连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
// 2.创建文件输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 3.文件流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("123.jpg"));
// 4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 通知服务,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput(); //我已经传输完了
// 确定服务器接收完毕,才可以断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
// 5.关闭异常
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}UDP:消息发送
想发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方地址
发送消息
package UDP;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//UDP不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.创建一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
// 2.建立一个包
String msg = "你好啊";
// 3.发送给谁
InetAddress localhoost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhoost, port);
// 4.发送包
socket.send(packet);
// 5.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package UDP;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
///等待客户端连接
public class UdpServerDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
// 接收包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
// 关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
UDP模拟聊天
循环发送消息
package Chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.*;
public class UdpSenderDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
// 准备数据：控制台读取：System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bey")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息
package Chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
// 准备接收包裹
byte[] continer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(continer, 0, continer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
// 断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bey")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询：两个人都可以发送，接收
接收端：
package Chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String magFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String magFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.magFrom = magFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
// 准备接收包裹
byte[] continer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(continer, 0, continer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
// 断开连接 bey
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(magFrom + " ：" + receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bey")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
读取：
package Chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend( int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
// 准备数据：控制台读取：System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch ( Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
while (true) {
String data = null;
try {
data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bey")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
创建老师线程
package Chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
创建学生线程
package Chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
URL下载网络资源
URL:统一资源定位符，定位互联网上的某个资源
DNS :域名解析 ,就是将www. baidu .com 解析为xx/xx/xx的ip
协议：//IP地址：端口 / 项目名 / 资源
package Chat;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 下载地址
URL url = new URL("http://m704.music.126.net/20220309120335/1326f5efd139f4adfdb527975fb4b460/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/8837130090/e64d/e6e0/76ad/4b9e06388e5bf007db0a99c0170a662c.m4a?authSecret=0000017f6cc1cf4104d30aaba034595c");
// 2.连接到资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("luck.m4a"); //获取到文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();// 断开连接
}
}
// System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
// System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
// System.out.println(url.getPort());// 端口
// System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
// System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径
// System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
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