如何防止scrapy爬虫被禁止

根据scrapy官方文档：http://doc.scrapy.org/en/master/topics/practices.html#avoiding-getting-banned里面的描述，要防止scrapy被ban，主要有以下几个策略。

1.动态设置user agent
2.禁用cookies
3.设置延迟下载
4.使用IP地址池（Tor project、VPN和代理IP）
5.使用Crawlera


1、创建middlewares.py

scrapy代理IP、user agent的切换都是通过DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES进行控制，下面我们创建middlewares.py文件。

<span style="font-size:14px;">import random
import base64
from settings import PROXIES

class RandomUserAgent(object):
    """Randomly rotate user agents based on a list of predefined ones"""

    def __init__(self, agents):
        self.agents = agents

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(crawler.settings.getlist('USER_AGENTS'))

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        #print "**************************" + random.choice(self.agents)
        request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', random.choice(self.agents))

class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
        if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
            encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy['user_pass'])
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass
            print "**************ProxyMiddleware have pass************&