(1)前景介绍
在使用Android传感器之前,我们首先要弄清楚当前Android设备支持哪些传感器,只有这样我们才能继续操作。
而一般手机不会集成所有的传感器, 大部分只支持一部分传感器:方向传感器、重力传感器等。
传感器大致可分为三类:
- 动作(Motion)传感器
- 环境(Environmental)传感器
- 位置(Position)传感器
(A)动作传感器:这类传感器在三个轴(X、Y、Z)上测量加速度和旋转角度。
- 加速(accelerometer)传感器
- 陀螺仪(gyroscope)传感器
- 重力(gravity)传感器
- 线性加速(linear acceleration)传感器
- 旋转向量(rotational vector)传感器
(B)环境传感器:这类传感器可以测量不同环境的参数,例如周围环境的空气温度和压强、光照强度和湿度。
- 温度(thermometer)传感器
- 湿度(humidity)传感器
- 光线(photometer)传感器
- 压力(pressure)传感器
(C)位置传感器:这类传感器可以测量设备的物理位置。
- 方向(orientation)传感器(数据来自加速传感器和磁场传感器)
- 磁场(magnetic)传感器
以上传感器只是部分,后面将用代码获取到手机所支持的传感器类型。我们顺便了解一下Android SDK提供的Android sensor framework(Android传感器框架),其作用是用来访问当前Android设备内置的传感器,帮助我们完成各种与传感器有关的任务。
TYPE_ACCELEROMETER //加速度传感器(硬件)
TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD //磁场传感器(硬件)
TYPE_ORIENTATION //方向传感器(软件传感器,数据来自重力和磁场传感器)
TYPE_GYROSCOPE //陀螺仪传感器(硬件)
TYPE_LIGHT //光线传感器(硬件)
TYPE_PRESSURE //压力传感器(硬件)
TYPE_PROXIMITY //临近传感器(硬件)
TYPE_GRAVITY //重场传感器(硬件或软件)
TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION //线性加速度传感器(硬件或软件)
TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR //旋转矢量传感器(硬件或软件)
TYPE_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY //湿度传感器(硬件)
TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE //温度传感器(硬件)
(2)Demo
(A)主要类和接口:
- SensorManager类:用于创建sensor service的实例。该类提供了很多用于访问和枚举传感器、注册和注销传感器监听器的方法(具体实现为SystemSensorManager);
- Sensor类:提供了一些用于获取传感器技术参数的方法。如版本、类型、生产商等;
- SensorEvent类:系统使用该类创建传感器事件对象,该对象可以提供与传感器相关的信息;
- SensorEventListener接口:该接口包含两个回调方法,当传感器的回传值或精度发生变化时,系统会调用这两个回调方法;
(B)获取系统所有支持的传感器
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
SensorManager sm = (SensorManager) getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE); //获取系统的传感器服务并创建实例
List<Sensor> list = sm.getSensorList(Sensor.TYPE_ALL); //获取传感器的集合
for (Sensor sensor:list){
tv.append(sensor.getName() + "\n"); //把传感器种类显示在TextView中
}
}
}
(C)获得加速度传感器数据
public class SensorActivity extends Activity implements SensorEventListener {
private final SensorManager mSensorManager;
private final Sensor mAccelerometer;
public SensorActivity() {
mSensorManager = (SensorManager)getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
mAccelerometer = mSensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER);
}
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
mSensorManager.registerListener(this, mAccelerometer, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_NORMAL);
}
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause();
mSensorManager.unregisterListener(this);
}
public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy) {
}
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event) {
}
}
(3)源码解析
(A)
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/
public interface SensorEventListener {
public void onSensorChanged(SensorEvent event);
public void onAccuracyChanged(Sensor sensor, int accuracy);
}
(B)
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/
@SystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE)
public abstract class SensorManager {
public boolean registerListener(SensorEventListener listener, Sensor sensor,
int samplingPeriodUs) {
return registerListener(listener, sensor, samplingPeriodUs, null);
}
public boolean registerListener(SensorEventListener listener, Sensor sensor,
int samplingPeriodUs, Handler handler) {
int delay = getDelay(samplingPeriodUs);
return registerListenerImpl(listener, sensor, delay, handler, 0, 0);
}
/** @hide */
protected abstract boolean registerListenerImpl(SensorEventListener listener, Sensor sensor,
int delayUs, Handler handler, int maxReportLatencyUs, int reservedFlags);
//...
public void unregisterListener(SensorEventListener listener) {
if (listener == null) {
return;
}
unregisterListenerImpl(listener, null);
}
/** @hide */
protected abstract void unregisterListenerImpl(SensorEventListener listener, Sensor sensor);
}
(C)
//frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/
/**
* Sensor manager implementation that communicates with the built-in
* system sensors.
*
* @hide
*/
public class SystemSensorManager extends SensorManager {
/**
* @hide
*/
@Override
protected boolean registerListenerImpl(SensorEventListener listener, Sensor sensor,
int delayUs, Handler handler, int maxBatchReportLatencyUs, int reservedFlags) {
}
/**
* @hide
*/
@Override
protected void unregisterListenerImpl(SensorEventListener listener, Sensor sensor) {
}
// Called from native code.
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
@Override
protected void dispatchSensorEvent(int handle, float[] values, int inAccuracy,
long timestamp) {
final Sensor sensor = mManager.mHandleToSensor.get(handle);
if (sensor == null) {
// sensor disconnected
return;
}
SensorEvent t = null;
synchronized (mSensorsEvents) {
t = mSensorsEvents.get(handle);
}
if (t == null) {
// This may happen if the client has unregistered and there are pending events in
// the queue waiting to be delivered. Ignore.
return;
}
// Copy from the values array.
System.arraycopy(values, 0, t.values, 0, t.values.length);
t.timestamp = timestamp;
t.accuracy = inAccuracy;
t.sensor = sensor;
// call onAccuracyChanged() only if the value changes
final int accuracy = mSensorAccuracies.get(handle);
if ((t.accuracy >= 0) && (accuracy != t.accuracy)) {
mSensorAccuracies.put(handle, t.accuracy);
//调用onAccuracyChanged
mListener.onAccuracyChanged(t.sensor, t.accuracy);
}
//调用onSensorChanged
mListener.onSensorChanged(t);
}
}
(D)横屏竖用特例
@Override
protected void dispatchSensorEvent(int handle, float[] values, int inAccuracy,
long timestamp) {
final Sensor sensor = mManager.mHandleToSensor.get(handle);
if (sensor == null) {
// sensor disconnected
return;
}
//add start
if(sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER ){
Log.d("SensorEventQueue","x = " + values[0] + ",y = " + values[1] + ",z = " + values[2]);
if (sensor.getType() == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER) {
float tmp;
tmp = values[0];
values[0] = values[1];
values[1] = -tmp;
}
}
//add end
}
以上修改可使OrientationEventListener的竖屏方向返回的orientation=0(原本的orientation=90),从而使App可以拿到正确的Gsensor方向。