STL之binary_search

//二分查找法
//注意：[first,last)是已排序
//同样也有两个版本
/*
函数功能：Returns true if any element in the range [first,last) is equivalent to val, and false otherwise.
函数原型：
default (1)	：版本一默认operator<
	template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
	bool binary_search (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                      const T& val);
custom (2)	：版本二采用仿函数comp
	template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
	bool binary_search (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
                      const T& val, Compare comp);
*/
template <class _ForwardIter, class _Tp>
bool binary_search(_ForwardIter __first, _ForwardIter __last,
                   const _Tp& __val) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_ForwardIter, _ForwardIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES_SAME_TYPE(_Tp,
        typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIter>::value_type);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_Tp, _LessThanComparable);
  _ForwardIter __i = lower_bound(__first, __last, __val);//调用二分查找函数，并返回不小于value值的第一个迭代器位置i
  return __i != __last && !(__val < *__i);
}

template <class _ForwardIter, class _Tp, class _Compare>
bool binary_search(_ForwardIter __first, _ForwardIter __last,
                   const _Tp& __val,
                   _Compare __comp) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_ForwardIter, _ForwardIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES_SAME_TYPE(_Tp,
        typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIter>::value_type);
  __STL_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_Compare, bool, _Tp, _Tp);
  _ForwardIter __i = lower_bound(__first, __last, __val, __comp);//调用二分查找函数，并返回不小于value值的第一个迭代器位置i
  return __i != __last && !__comp(__val, *__i);
}