SparkSql常见内置函数

字符串：

1.concat对于字符串进行拼接

concat(str1, str2, ..., strN) - Returns the concatenation of str1, str2, ..., strN.

Examples:> SELECT concat('Spark', 'SQL');　　SparkSQL

2.concat_ws在拼接的字符串中间添加某种格式

concat_ws(sep, [str | array(str)]+) - Returns the concatenation of the strings separated by sep.

Examples:> SELECT concat_ws(' ', 'Spark', 'SQL');　　Spark SQL

3.decode转码

decode(bin, charset) - Decodes the first argument using the second argument character set.

Examples: > SELECT decode(encode('abc', 'utf-8'), 'utf-8');　　 abc

4.encode设置编码格式

encode(str, charset) - Encodes the first argument using the second argument character set.

Examples: > SELECT encode('abc', 'utf-8');abc

5.format_string/printf 格式化字符串

format_string(strfmt, obj, ...) - Returns a formatted string from printf-style format strings.

Examples:> SELECT format_string("Hello World %d %s", 100, "days");　　Hello World 100 days

6.initcap将每个单词的首字母变为大写，其他字母小写; lower全部转为小写，upper大写

initcap(str) - Returns str with the first letter of each word in uppercase. All other letters are in lowercase. Words are delimited by white space.

Examples:> SELECT initcap('sPark sql');　　Spark Sql

7.length返回字符串的长度

Examples:> SELECT length('Spark SQL ');　　10

8.levenshtein编辑距离（将一个字符串变为另一个字符串的距离）

levenshtein(str1, str2) - Returns the Levenshtein distance between the two given strings.

Examples:> SELECT levenshtein('kitten', 'sitting');　　 3

9.lpad返回固定长度的字符串，如果长度不够，用某种字符补全，rpad右补全

lpad(str, len, pad) - Returns str, left-padded with pad to a length of len. If str is longer than