Ubuntu 20.04 镜像自定义制作

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1、简介

本机环境：ubuntu-20.04.6

目前，Ubuntu20.04已经默认使用subiquity作为安装工具了 ，debian-installer逐渐被废弃（使用preseed机制进行自动安装），subiquity使用cloud-init进行自动安装．

2、挂载iso

root@ubuntu:~# mount ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso /media/
root@ubuntu:~# mkdir ubuntu
root@ubuntu:~# cp -r /media/* /media/.disk/ ubuntu

3、修改txt.cfg

添加autoinstall ds=nocloud;s=/cdrom/

root@ubuntu:~# cd ubuntu
root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# cat isolinux/txt.cfg
default live
label live
  menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server
  kernel /casper/vmlinuz
  append   initrd=/casper/initrd quiet autoinstall ds=nocloud;s=/cdrom/  ---
label hwe-live
  menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server with the HWE kernel
  kernel /casper/hwe-vmlinuz
  append   initrd=/casper/hwe-initrd quiet  ---
label memtest
  menu label Test ^memory
  kernel /install/mt86plus
label hd
  menu label ^Boot from first hard disk
  localboot 0x80

4、创建sofeware目录与文件

（1）docker下载地址

wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/pool/stable/amd64/containerd.io_1.5.10-1_amd64.deb
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/pool/stable/amd64/docker-ce-cli_20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb
wget https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/focal/pool/stable/amd64/docker-ce_20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb

（2）放入对应位置

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# tree software/
software/
├── docker
│   ├── compose
│   │   └── docker-compose
│   └── install
│       ├── containerd.io_1.5.10-1_amd64.deb
│       ├── docker-ce-cli_20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb
│       └── docker-ce_20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb
└── install.sh

（3）配置install.sh

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# cat software/install.sh
#!/bin/bash
cp /cdrom/software/docker/compose/docker-compose /target/usr/local/bin/

5、创建文件user-data

密码默认为：1
可以参考本地文件：/var/log/installer/autoinstall-user-data

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# cat user-data
#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  version: 1
  identity:
    hostname: ubuntu
    password: $6$I2W1KKabAWXxZNrn$C0spr.EGn7.Rb0MewVU5vSXdugx9m0cH/bdnsDUs/kbXZ6JhhNA6UJj4Rgjhr7u3ky8WNNIBJCOOI.tO9Xeti/
    username: wielun
  late-commands:
    - bash /cdrom/software/install.sh
    - cp -r /cdrom/software/ /target/opt/
    - curtin in-target --target=/target -- dpkg -i /opt/software/docker/install/containerd.io_1.5.10-1_amd64.deb
    - curtin in-target --target=/target -- dpkg -i /opt/software/docker/install/docker-ce-cli_20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb
    - curtin in-target --target=/target -- dpkg -i /opt/software/docker/install/docker-ce_20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal_amd64.deb

6、创建meta-data

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# cat meta-data
instance-id: focal-autoinstall

7、生成镜像

root@ubuntu:~/ubuntu# mkisofs -R -J -T -v -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o custom.iso .