[codeforces1092F]Tree with Maximum Cost

time limit per test : 2 seconds
memory limit per test : 256 megabytes

You are given a tree consisting exactly of $n$ vertices. Tree is a connected undirected graph with $n-1$ edges. Each vertex $v$ of this tree has a value $a_v$ assigned to it.

Let $dist(x,y)$ be the distance between the vertices $x$ and $y$ . The distance between the vertices is the number of edges on the simple path between them.

Let’s define the cost of the tree as the following value: firstly, let’s fix some vertex of the tree. Let it be $v$ . Then the cost of the tree is ${\sum }_{i=1}^{n}dist(i,v)\cdot a_i$.

Your task is to calculate the maximum possible cost of the tree if you can choose $v$ arbitrarily.
Input

The first line contains one integer n, the number of vertices in the tree $(1\le n\le 2\cdot 10^5)$.

The second line of the input contains n
integers $a1,a2,\dots ,an(1\le a_i\le 2\cdot 10^5)$, where $a_i$ is the value of the vertex $i$.

Each of the next $n-1$ lines describes an edge of the tree. Edge $i$ is denoted by two integers ui and vi, the labels of vertices it connects $(1\le u_i,v_i\le n,u_i̸=v_i).$

It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree.
Output
Print one integer — the maximum possible cost of the tree if you can choose any vertex as $v$
Input

8
9 4 1 7 10 1 6 5
1 2
2 3
1 4
1 5
5 6
5 7
5 8

Output

121

Input

1
1337

Output

0

Note

Picture corresponding to the first example:

You can choose the vertex $3$ as a root, then the answer will be $2\cdot 9+1\cdot 4+0\cdot 1+3\cdot 7+3\cdot 10+4\cdot 1+4\cdot 6+4\cdot 5=18+4+0+21+30+4+24+20=121$.

In the second example tree consists only of one vertex so the answer is always $0$.

题意：
给一个$n$个点的树，每个点有一个点权$a_i$，，$dist(x,y)$表示$x$到$y$的简单路径长度，求一点$v$使得${\sum }_{i=1}^{n}dist(i,v)\cdot a_i$最大，答案输出最大值。

题解：
考虑已知以一个点为$v$点的答案，求其移动到一个相邻的点对答案造成的影响。假设当前$v$点为$x$点，当前的答案为$now$，要将$v$设为与$x$相邻的$y$点，则答案变化为$now-val[y]+suma-val[y]$，$val[y]$是以$y$为根的子树的所有点点权之和。

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define LiangJiaJun main
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
int n,cnt,ne,h[200004],a[200004];
struct edge{
    int to,nt;
}e[400004];
ll suma,ans;
bool vis[200004];
ll dis[200004],val[200004];
void add(int u,int v){
     e[++ne].to=v;e[ne].nt=h[u];
     h[u]=ne;
}
void dfs(int x){
     ans+=a[x]*(dis[x]-1);
     for(int i=h[x];i;i=e[i].nt){
         if(dis[e[i].to])continue;
         dis[e[i].to]=dis[x]+1;
         dfs(e[i].to);
         val[x]+=val[e[i].to];
     }
     val[x]+=a[x];
}
void calc(int x,ll now){
     ans=max(ans,now);
     vis[x]=1;
     for(int i=h[x];i;i=e[i].nt){
         if(vis[e[i].to])continue;
         calc(e[i].to,now+suma-(val[e[i].to]<<1));
     }
}
int w33ha(){
    ne=0;suma=0;
    memset(val,0,sizeof(val));
    memset(dis,0,sizeof(dis));
    memset(h,0,sizeof(h));
    memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
        scanf("%d",&a[i]);
        suma+=a[i];
    }
    for(int i=1;i<n;i++){
        int u,v;scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
        add(u,v);add(v,u);
    }
    ans=0;
    dis[1]=1;
    dfs(1);
    calc(1,ans);
    printf("%lld\n",ans);
    return 0;
}
int LiangJiaJun(){
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)w33ha();
    return 0;
}