GDB断点学习（断点设置）

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-26 23:59:24 发布

春呜

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-26 23:59:24 发布

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分类专栏： Linux_debug

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dyingfair/article/details/104830973

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GDB是调试利器，在某些场景下，不确定是否好用，今天特意测试了在虚函数，内联函数，函数模板的使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
	virtual void test(){
		cout << "i am base" << endl;
	}
};

class Derived: public Base
{
private:
	int a_;
public:
	inline void testInline(int b)
	{
		a_++;
		a_ += b;
		a_ += 7;
	}

	void callInline()
	{
		int b = 111;
		testInline(b);
	}
	virtual void test() override {
		cout << "i am Derived" << endl;
	}
};

template<typename T>
T MaxElement(T a, T b, T c)
{
	T tmp = a;
	if (tmp < b) {
		tmp = b;
	}
	if (tmp < c) {
		tmp = c;
	}
	cout << "max element: " << tmp << endl;
	return tmp;
}


int main()
{
	double maxDouble = MaxElement(1.2, 3.0, -3.2);
	float maxFloat = MaxElement(121.2f, 23.0f, -31.2f);
	int maxInt = MaxElement(1,2,3);
	Derived d;
	d.test();
	d.callInline();
	
	return 0;
}

aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ g++ -std=c++11 -g main.cpp -o main
aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ gdb main
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.11.1-0ubuntu1~16.5) 7.11.1
(gdb) b MaxElement  #对于模板函数，这样是不行滴
Function "MaxElement" not defined.
Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y
Breakpoint 1 (MaxElement) pending.
(gdb) b MaxElement<int> #需要这样子
Breakpoint 2 at 0x400db4: file main.cpp, line 37.
(gdb) b MaxElement<double> #需要这样子
Breakpoint 3 at 0x400cae: file main.cpp, line 37.
(gdb) b MaxElement<float>  #需要这样子
Breakpoint 4 at 0x400d36: file main.cpp, line 37.
(gdb) b MaxElement<short> #因为没有short的调用，也不行
Function "MaxElement<short>" not defined.
Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) n
(gdb) b Derived::testInline  #inline函数断点
Breakpoint 5 at 0x400bcb: file main.cpp, line 19.
(gdb) b Derived::test #虚函数断点
Breakpoint 6 at 0x400c38: file main.cpp, line 30.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/cherish/share/main 

Breakpoint 3, MaxElement<double> (a=1.2, b=3, c=-3.2000000000000002) at main.cpp:37
37              T tmp = a;
(gdb) r
The program being debugged has been started already.
Start it from the beginning? (y or n) n
Program not restarted.
(gdb) c
Continuing.
max element: 3

Breakpoint 4, MaxElement<float> (a=121.199997, b=23, c=-31.2000008) at main.cpp:37
37              T tmp = a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.
max element: 121.2

Breakpoint 2, MaxElement<int> (a=1, b=2, c=3) at main.cpp:37
37              T tmp = a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.
max element: 3

Breakpoint 6, Derived::test (this=0x7fffffffe480) at main.cpp:30
30                      cout << "i am Derived" << endl;
(gdb) c
Continuing.
i am Derived

Breakpoint 5, Derived::testInline (this=0x7fffffffe480, b=111) at main.cpp:19
19                      a_++;
(gdb) c
Continuing.
[Inferior 1 (process 4921) exited normally]
(gdb) c

对于模板函数，还有一个黑科技，一次设置所有类型的断点（rbreak）。这里看到，通过这个命令可以一次性把MaxElement实例的函数都设置了断点。

(gdb) rbreak MaxElement<.*>
Breakpoint 7 at 0x400cae: file main.cpp, line 37.
double MaxElement<double>(double, double, double);
Note: breakpoint 4 also set at pc 0x400d36.
Breakpoint 8 at 0x400d36: file main.cpp, line 37.
float MaxElement<float>(float, float, float);
Breakpoint 9 at 0x400db4: file main.cpp, line 37.
int MaxElement<int>(int, int, int);

在函数模板里，如果我们仅仅对某个类型的实例设置断点，那么其他类型的实例在允许时是不会暂停的。如下

aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ gdb main
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.11.1-0ubuntu1~16.5) 7.11.1
(gdb) info b
No breakpoints or watchpoints.
(gdb) b MaxElement<float>
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400d36: file main.cpp, line 37.
(gdb) info b
Num Type Disp Enb Address What
1 breakpoint keep y 0x0000000000400d36 in MaxElement<float>(float, float, float) at main.cpp:37
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/cherish/share/main
max element: 3

Breakpoint 1, MaxElement<float> (a=121.199997, b=23, c=-31.2000008) at main.cpp:37
37 T tmp = a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.
max element: 121.2
max element: 3
i am Derived
[Inferior 1 (process 4937) exited normally]

最后如果去除了符号表，那么是如设置断点的，如下：

aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ g++ -std=gnu++11 main.cpp -o main_with_sym 
aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ g++ -std=gnu++11 -s main.cpp -o main_without_sym  #去除符号表
aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ ls -l main*
-rwxrw-rw- 1 aaa aaa   816 Mar 12 08:06 main.cpp
-rwxrwxr-x 1 aaa aaa 10488 Mar 12 08:54 main_without_sym
-rwxrwxr-x 1 aaa aaa 14448 Mar 12 08:54 main_with_sym
aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ objdump -t main_without_sym 

main_without_sym:     file format elf64-x86-64

SYMBOL TABLE:
no symbols


aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ objdump -t main_with_sym    

main_with_sym:     file format elf64-x86-64

SYMBOL TABLE:
0000000000400238 l    d  .interp        0000000000000000              .interp
0000000000400254 l    d  .note.ABI-tag  0000000000000000              .note.ABI-tag
......
0000000000400bc0  w    F .text  0000000000000043              _ZN7Derived10testInlineEi
0000000000400e80 g     F .text  0000000000000002              __libc_csu_fini
0000000000400c2c  w    F .text  000000000000002b              _ZN7Derived4testEv
0000000000400980 g     F .text  000000000000002a              _start
0000000000000000  w      *UND*  0000000000000000              __gmon_start__
0000000000000000  w      *UND*  0000000000000000              _Jv_RegisterClasses
0000000000400c70  w    F .text  0000000000000027              _ZN7DerivedC1Ev
0000000000400e84 g     F .fini  0000000000000000              _fini
0000000000000000       F *UND*  0000000000000000              _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4
0000000000000000       F *UND*  0000000000000000              __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000400d1f  w    F .text  0000000000000084              _Z10MaxElementIfET_S0_S0_S0_
0000000000400f10  w    O .rodata        0000000000000018              _ZTI7Derived
0000000000000000       F *UND*  0000000000000000              __cxa_atexit@@GLIBC_2.2.5
0000000000400910       F *UND*  0000000000000000              _ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev@@GLIBCXX_3.4
0000000000000000  w      *UND*  0000000000000000              _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
0000000000000000       F *UND*  0000000000000000              _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc@@GLIBCXX_3.4
0000000000400e90 g     O .rodata        0000000000000004              _IO_stdin_used
0000000000400c58  w    F .text  0000000000000017              _ZN4BaseC1Ev
0000000000000000  w      *UND*  0000000000000000              _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
0000000000602070 g       .data  0000000000000000              __data_start
0000000000400ee0  w    O .rodata        0000000000000018              _ZTV7Derived
0000000000400da3  w    F .text  0000000000000064              _Z10MaxElementIiET_S0_S0_S0_
0000000000602080  w    O .bss   0000000000000058              _ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE@@CXXABI_1.3
0000000000400c97  w    F .text  0000000000000088              _Z10MaxElementIdET_S0_S0_S0_
......
00000000006021f0  w    O .bss   0000000000000058              _ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE@@CXXABI_1.3
0000000000400c04  w    F .text  0000000000000027              _ZN7Derived10callInlineEv
0000000000000000       F *UND*  0000000000000000              __stack_chk_fail@@GLIBC_2.4
0000000000000000       F *UND*  0000000000000000              _ZNSolsEf@@GLIBCXX_3.4
0000000000400b94  w    F .text  000000000000002b              _ZN4Base4testEv
0000000000602250 g       .bss   0000000000000000              _end
0000000000000000       F *UND*  0000000000000000              _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E@@GLIBCXX_3.4
0000000000400c58  w    F .text  0000000000000017              _ZN4BaseC2Ev
0000000000400960       F *UND*  0000000000000000              _ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_@@GLIBCXX_3.4
0000000000400ef8  w    O .rodata        0000000000000018              _ZTV4Base
0000000000602080 g       .data  0000000000000000              _edata
0000000000400a76 g     F .text  00000000000000ca              main
0000000000400888 g     F .init  0000000000000000              _init


aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ gdb ./main
main.cpp          main_without_sym  main_with_sym     
aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ gdb ./main_without_sym 
(gdb) b main
Function "main" not defined. #找不到函数
Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y
Breakpoint 1 (main) pending.
(gdb) r  #直接执行完毕
Starting program: /home/aaa/share/main_without_sym 
max element: 3
max element: 121.2
max element: 3
i am Derived
[Inferior 1 (process 5180) exited normally]
(gdb) q
aaa@ubuntu:~/share$ gdb ./main_with_sym      

(gdb) b main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400a7a  #找到函数
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/aaa/share/main_with_sym  
Breakpoint 1, 0x0000000000400a7a in main () #停在断点
(gdb) c
Continuing.
max element: 3
max element: 121.2
max element: 3
i am Derived
[Inferior 1 (process 5186) exited normally]
(gdb)

春呜

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GDB断点学习（断点设置）

GDB是调试利器，在某些场景下，不确定是否好用，今天特意测试了在虚函数，内联函数，函数模板写的使用使用#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Base{public: virtual void test(){ cout << "i am base" << endl; }};class...
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