VSCode python编程入门Hello World

今天是2024年9月18日，我想入门python，开始搜搜，发现网上很多教程很啰嗦而且很多过时了，我就想先打印一个Hello World。我想要简单不想要复杂，于是有了这篇文章。

要想实现这个功能，首先需要下载一个软件能写代码，然后还需要一个编译器把我写的代码编译为电脑能读懂的东西，最后再运行输出结果。

幸运的是VSCode软件都能完成这些工作。VScode是什么，她有什么好处我就不多说了，谁用谁知道。我主要记录下与python有关的插件和怎么编译运行python。

1. 编写代码

首先安装一个插件：

点击安装就行，一键操作非常简单。

然后就可以高亮语法了，那么新建一个代码文件，几乎所有软件的新建文件都如出一辙。

敲入以下示例代码，下面代码打印了100以内的质数，最后输出了Hello World！

sieve= [True]*101
for i in range(2,100):
    if sieve[i]:
        print(i)
        for j in range(i*i,100,i):
            sieve[j]=False


print('Hello World!')
input("按任意键结束")

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2. 编译代码

重点来了，怎么编译和运行呢？

看下图：

点了以后，会报错说没有python编译器，of course，我又没装过，正在我犯愁怎么安装的时候，我点了确定，出现了这个弹窗：

我想了想我肯定是未安装，所以就点了未安装python，您猜怎么着，瞌睡送枕头来了：

Windows Microsoft Store直接弹出来了，又是一键安装，搞定了。

有点像对着AI喊：给我把python编译器安装好！然后她就安装好了的感觉~~

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3. 调试代码

最后就是运行了，按下F5，或者点下图里的圈圈：

接着如下图所示，点击“python文件”

见证奇迹的时候到了：

终端没有自动弹出来的，可以点这个：

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4. 生成可执行文件

我们需要将上面的代码打包生成可执行文件，在Windows系统下就是.exe文件。

exe全称“executable”，中文意思为“可执行的”，是一种文件格式。

exe文件是可移植可执行（PE）文件格式的文件，它可以加载到内存中，并由操作系统加载程序执行，是一种可在操作系统存储空间中浮动定位的可执行程序。

首先我们还是需要安装一个软件，在终端使用命令行安装就行，敲入以下指令：

pip.exe install pyinstaller

正常的话会打印如下结果：

Collecting pyinstaller
  Downloading pyinstaller-6.10.0-py3-none-win_amd64.whl (1.3 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.3/1.3 MB 7.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=42.0.0 in c:\users\administrator\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (from pyinstaller) (58.1.0)
Collecting altgraph (from pyinstaller)
  Downloading altgraph-0.17.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (21 kB)
Collecting pyinstaller-hooks-contrib>=2024.8 (from pyinstaller)
  Downloading pyinstaller_hooks_contrib-2024.8-py3-none-any.whl (322 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 322.8/322.8 kB 6.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting packaging>=22.0 (from pyinstaller)
  Downloading packaging-24.1-py3-none-any.whl (53 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 54.0/54.0 kB 2.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting pefile>=2022.5.30 (from pyinstaller)
  Downloading pefile-2024.8.26-py3-none-any.whl (74 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 74.8/74.8 kB 4.0 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting pywin32-ctypes>=0.2.1 (from pyinstaller)
  Downloading pywin32_ctypes-0.2.3-py3-none-any.whl (30 kB)
Installing collected packages: altgraph, pywin32-ctypes, pefile, packaging, pyinstaller-hooks-contrib, pyinstaller
Successfully installed altgraph-0.17.4 packaging-24.1 pefile-2024.8.26 pyinstaller-6.10.0 pyinstaller-hooks-contrib-2024.8 pywin32-ctypes-0.2.3

安装好以后，就可进行打包生成exe了，先改个名字，把代码文件名从Untitled-1.py改为demo1.py，然后再命令窗中敲入以下指令：

pyinstaller -F demo1.py  

正常的话会打印如下结果：

119 INFO: PyInstaller: 6.10.0, contrib hooks: 2024.8
119 INFO: Python: 3.10.5
125 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
125 INFO: Python environment: C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310
125 INFO: wrote C:\xxx\demo1.spec
127 INFO: Module search paths (PYTHONPATH):
['C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\Scripts\\pyinstaller.exe',
 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\python310.zip',
 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\DLLs',
 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib',
 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310',
 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\site-packages',
 'C:\\Desktop\\MATH\\others']
348 INFO: checking Analysis
349 INFO: Building Analysis because Analysis-00.toc is non existent
349 INFO: Running Analysis Analysis-00.toc
349 INFO: Target bytecode optimization level: 0
349 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
350 INFO: Caching module graph hooks...
360 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
749 INFO: Processing standard module hook 'hook-heapq.py' from 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'
783 INFO: Processing standard module hook 'hook-encodings.py' from 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'
1383 INFO: Processing standard module hook 'hook-pickle.py' from 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks'
1980 INFO: Caching module dependency graph...
2038 INFO: Looking for Python shared library...
2075 INFO: Using Python shared library: C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\python310.dll
2075 INFO: Analyzing C:\xxx\demo1.py
2076 INFO: Processing module hooks (post-graph stage)...
2079 INFO: Performing binary vs. data reclassification (2 entries)
2083 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
2084 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
2085 INFO: Including run-time hook 'pyi_rth_inspect.py' from 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python310\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\hooks\\rthooks'
2087 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
2148 INFO: Extra DLL search directories (AddDllDirectory): []
2148 INFO: Extra DLL search directories (PATH): []
2516 INFO: Warnings written to C:\xxx\build\demo1\warn-demo1.txt
2527 INFO: Graph cross-reference written to C:\xxx\build\demo1\xref-demo1.html
2541 INFO: checking PYZ
2541 INFO: Building PYZ because PYZ-00.toc is non existent
2541 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\xxx\build\demo1\PYZ-00.pyz
2662 INFO: Building PYZ (ZlibArchive) C:\xxx\build\demo1\PYZ-00.pyz completed successfully.
2704 INFO: checking PKG
2705 INFO: Building PKG because PKG-00.toc is non existent
2705 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) demo1.pkg
3581 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) demo1.pkg completed successfully.
3582 INFO: Bootloader C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python310\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit-intel\run.exe
3582 INFO: checking EXE
3582 INFO: Building EXE because EXE-00.toc is non existent
3582 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc
3582 INFO: Copying bootloader EXE to C:\xxx\dist\demo1.exe
3703 INFO: Copying icon to EXE
3821 INFO: Copying 0 resources to EXE
3821 INFO: Embedding manifest in EXE
3943 INFO: Appending PKG archive to EXE
3946 INFO: Fixing EXE headers
4007 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

然后就可以生成我们想要的demo1.exe啦，生成的目录在本地的dist文件夹中。

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5. 运行程序

到dist文件夹中，双击demo1.exe就可以运行啦，运行结果如下：

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以上就是整个Python软件开发的流程啦！